臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論包含兩部分，其中所提出電路之晶片製作皆由TSMC 0.18μm mixed-signal/RF CMOS 1P6M製程來實現。
第一部分為一個採用共模回授之壓控震盪器，此方法為在尾電流源作改變，用switch bias的方法切換尾電流源進而降低flicker noise的memory effect，此外還採用去耦合電容來阻礙flicker noise的差模電流路徑，以達到好的phase noise。根據量測結果顯示:本VCO震盪頻率範圍為4.96~6.12 GHz，在供應電壓為1.8 V之條件下，功率損耗約為2.34 mW，相位雜訊為 -120.4 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz，而figure-of-merit (FOM)則為-190.8 dBc/Hz。
第二部分為微小化WLAN天線，此設計採用meandering結構來達到微小化的目的，除此之外還結合了strip-line和slot-line的組合來來涵蓋2.4,5~6GHz之頻段，最後還應用ground boost方法(把能量耦合到ground 上，激發ground的輻射模態) 來達到在小的面積 (20 mm*15 mm)下有好的輻射效率。

This thesis consists of two parts. All the proposed circuits were implemented in TSMC 0.18μm mixed-signal/RF CMOS 1P6M technology.
　Part1 presents a VCO designed with common mode feedback technique which switch bias current source to suppress FET memory effect of flicker noise. In addition, we also use decoupling capacitor to block flicker noise path of current source. Because of those technique, we have good performance in measured results ( phase noise -120.4 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz, tuning range 4.96~6.12 GHz, power consumption 2.34 mW and figure-of-merit (FOM) is-190.8 dBc/Hz).
Part II presents the design of a planar antenna which uses meandering structure to achieve miniaturizing effect. In addition, this design also combine strip-line and slot-line combination to cover 2.4 and 5~6 GHz WLAN frequency bands . Finally this design also uses ground boost technique to improve radiating efficiency in small size (20 mm*15 mm) .

Table of Contents
中　文　摘　要 i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgement iii
Table of Contents I
List of Figures II
List of Tables IV

Chapter 1 1
1.1 5 GHz Wireless System 1
1.2 Thesis Organization 3

Chapter 2 4
2.1 Oscillator Fundamental 4
2.2 Phase Noise 5
2.3 Tuning Range 17
2.4 Phase Coupling 19
2.5 Circuit Design Consideration 20
2.6 Chip Layout and Simulation Results 28
2.7 Measurement Results and Discussion 32

Chapter 3 38
3.1 Introduction 38
3.2 Design Concept and Theory 39
3.3 Miniaturized Meandering Planar Antenna for WLAN application 47
3.4 Measurement Results and Discussion 56

Chapter 4 65

References 66

[1] ETSI ERM TG31A, “UWB applications in ETSI,” ETSI
[2] A. Hajimiri and T. H. Lee, The Design of Low Noise Oscillators. Norwell, MA: Kluwer, 1999.
[3] Behazad Razavi, “RF Microelectronics,” Prentice Hall Inc., 1998
[4]E. Hegazi, H. Sjoland, and A.A. Abidi, “A Filtering Technique to Lower LC Oscillator Phase Noise,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36, no. 12, Dec. 2001.
[5] A. Ismail and A.A. Abidi, “CMOS Differential LC Oscillator with Suppressed Up-Converted Flicker Noise,” ISSCC, vol. 1, pp 98-99, Feb. 2003.
[6] E. A. M. Klumperink, S L. J. Gierkink, A. P. van der Wel , and B. Nauta, “Reducing MOSFET 1/f noise and power consumption by switched biasing,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, pp 994-1001, July 2000.
[7] R.Aparicio and A. Hajimiri, “A noise-shifting differential Colpitts VCO,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 37, pp 1728-1736, Dec. 2002.
[8] S.-H. Lee, Y.-H. Chuang, S.-L. Jang and C.-C. Chen, “Low-phase noise Hartley differential CMOS voltage controlled oscillator,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 145-147, Feb. 2007.
[9] Y. -J. Wang, X. –N. Fan, and B. Li,” A 0.18μm 1V 5GHz LC VCO designed for WSN applications,” Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology (ICSICT), Oct. 29 2012-Nov. 1 2012
[10] M. –T. Hsu, and J. –A. Huang,” Design a 5GHz low power CMOS LC VCO for IEEE 802.11a application,” Microwave Conference Proceedings (APMC), 7-10 Dec. 2010
[11] J. Park, J. Park, Y. Choi, K. Sim, and D. Baek, “A fully-differential complementary hartley VCO in 0.18 CMOS technology,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 91–93, Feb. 2010
[12] Tuan Thanh TA, Suguru KAMEDA, Tadashi TAKAGI, and Kazuo TSUBOUCHI,” A 5GHz Band Low Noise and Wide Tuning Range Si-CMOS VCO,” 2009 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium
[13] Y.-P. Su, W.-Y. Hu, J.-W. Lin, Y.-C. Chen, S. Sezer, and S.-J. Chen, “Low power Gm-boosted differential Colpitts VCO,” in Proc. IEEE SOC Conf. (SOCC), Sep. 2011, pp. 247–250
[14] Y. Li, W. Li, and R. Mittra, “A compact acs-fed dual-band meandered monopole antenna for wlan and wimax applications,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 2370–2373, 2013


[15] D. Yu, Z. H. Zhang, W. L. Liu, and B. Yang, “Dual-band miniaturized printed antenna for wlan applications “,ICMMT,2012 international conference on,vol.3. IEEE 2012,pp1-4
[16] S. Chaimool, C. Chokchai, and P. Akkaraekthalin, “Multiband loaded fractal loop monopole antenna for usb dongle applications,” Electronics letters, vol. 48, no. 23, pp. 1446–1447, 2012
[17] K. Dong, F.-S. Zhang, L. Chen, P. Zhu, Q. Zhang, and Y. Zhu, “A compact dual-band planar monopole antenna for 2.4/5ghz wlan application,” in Signals Systems and Electronics (ISSSE), 2010 International Symposium on, vol. 1. IEEE, 2010, pp. 1–4.
[18] Aurora And#westeur059#jar, Jaume Anguera, Carles Puente, “Ground Plane Boosters as a Compact Antenna Technology for Wireless Handheld Devices“, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 59, NO. 5, MAY 2011
[19] Wen-Jiao Liao, Chen-Yu Hsieh, Bang-Yun Dai ,“Inverted-F/Slot Integrated Dual-Band Four-Antenna System for WLAN Access Points “, IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 14, 2015
[20] Duixian Liu, Brian Gaucher, “A New Multiband Antenna for WLAN/Cellular
Applications “, 2004 IEEE
[21] Jagath K. H. Gamage1, Morten Engjom2, Irene A. Jensen, “Design of a low profile multi-band antenna for vehicular communication system “,2013EuCAP
[22] R. D'Souza, R.K. Gupta, “Printed Dual Band WLAN Antenna “
[23] Zhe-Jun Jin, Tae-Yeoul Yun, “Compact Wideband Open-End Slot Antenna With Inherent Matching “, IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 13, 2014
[24] Muhammad R. Khan, ohamed M. Morsy,Muhammad Z.Khan and Frances J. Harackiewicz, “Miniaturized Multiband Planar Antenna for GSM,UMTS,WLAN “, AP-S/URSI 2011
[25] Ding Yu, ZhenHao Zhang, WeiLong Liu, Bin Yang, “Dual-Band Miniaturized Printed Antenna for WLAN Applications “, 2012 IEEE978-1-4673-2185-3/12/
[26] Zhe-Jun Jin and Tae-Yeoul Yun, “Compact Wideband Open-End Slot
Antenna With Inherent Matching “, IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 13, 2014