臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

傳統淨水程序處理，添加液氯消毒可氧化腐植酸及黃酸，同時產生小分子有機化合物，造成有機碳濃度升高；而膠凝混凝則可顯著降低生物可利用性有機碳(Assimilable organic carbon, AOC)之濃度。本研究以坪頂淨水場為例，在97年12月至98年11月的十二次月採樣中，均可明顯看出前加氯以及膠凝混凝兩操作單元上，對於AOC的影響，相較於淨水場內，配水管網中AOC呈穩定變化。
觀察月採樣之平均濃度對操作單元的數據上，總有機碳(Total Organic Carbon, TOC )和溶解性有機碳(Dissolved Organic Carbon, DOC)和AOC在淨水程序內有相同的趨勢，顯示出在坪頂淨水場內，TOC&DOC與AOC有相關性，但若仔細觀察個別月採樣，則可發現TOC&DOC在最高值期間，AOC卻沒有同步出現高值，因此可推論影響AOC主要是TOC中分子量較小的有機物。
連續採樣方面，以枯水期及豐水期的氣候影響因素做為區分，本研究在結果與討論後段以TOC、DOC、UV254、UV254/DOC及AOC等五個分析項目去探討，基本上在豐水期(七月)顯示出，上述五個分析項目之平均濃度均較為枯水期(三月)來的高，表示在降雨的時候，坪頂淨水場其原水所含有機碳濃度較平常來的高，因此連帶顯示出UV254、UV254/DOC及AOC在原水採樣點上濃度偏高。

In the process of traditional water treatment, the humic acid and fulvic acid can be oxidized by chlorination; besides, it also produces small molecular organic compounds at the same time. Coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation can reduce the concentration of the Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC) significantly. An example of Ping-Ding water treatment plant was performed with sampling twelve times monthly from December 2008 to November 2009, the strong influence of chlorine, and coagulation, flocculation on the AOC can be observed. Comparing to the removal efficiency of water process in Ping-Ding water treatment plant, the AOC presented much stably in the distribution systems.
We observed the data on the mean concentration of monthly sampling related to the operation unit in the water treatment plant. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and the Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) had the same trend with AOC in the water treatment process; it showed that TOC, and DOC had well relation to AOC in Ping-Ding water treatment plant. However, scrutinizing single monthly sampling, we found that the concentration of AOC did not fix out with the concentration of TOC and DOC at the same time. Therefore, results indicate that the AOC is mainly related to the smaller organic molecules of the TOC.
In the series of sampling, we divided the influence of climate factor into the dry season and the pour season. The research discussed the five analysis items in the final results and discussion：TOC, DOC, UV254, UV254/DOC, and AOC. Basically, the concentration of the five analysis items on the pour season is higher than the dry season; it indicates that the raw water’s concentration of organic carbon in Ping-Ding water treatment plant is higher during raining days. This can express the high concentration of the UV254, UV254/DOC, and AOC in water treatment plant in our work.

目 錄
誌謝..............................................................................................................I
中文摘要......................................................................................................II
英文摘要......................................................................................................IV
目錄..............................................................................................................VI
表目錄..........................................................................................................IX
圖目錄..........................................................................................................X
第一章 前言..............................................................................................1-1
1.1 研究緣起...................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 研究目的及內容.......................................................................... 1-2
第二章 文獻回顧....................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 大高雄地區自來水供水現況...................................................... 2-1
2.2 坪頂淨水場現況.......................................................................... 2-3
2.3 傳統淨水程序.............................................................................. 2-5
2.4 水中生物有機質之測定.............................................................. 2-7
2.5 影響AOC 的因素....................................................................... 2-8
第三章 研究方法....................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 採樣規劃......................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 採樣程序........................................................................................ 3-2
3.3 前置作業........................................................................................ 3-3
3.4 水質項目與分析方法.................................................................... 3-6
3.4.1 pH 分析原理......................................................................... 3-7
3.4.2 餘氯分析原理......................................................................3-8
3.4.3 導電度分析原理..................................................................3-10
3.4.4 大腸桿菌群分析原理........................................................... 3-12
3.4.5 AOC 分析方法...................................................................... 3-15
3.4.6 TOC 與DOC 分析方法...................................................... ..3-23
3.5 品保及品管作業............................................................................. 3-24
第四章 結果與討論.................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 生物可利用碳(AOC)及相關水質參數探討................................... 4-1
4.1.1 月採餘氯趨勢 .................................................................... 4-1
4.1.2 月採TOC 趨勢&DOC 趨勢................................................ 4-3
4.1.3 月採UV254 趨勢................................................................ 4-6
4.1.4 月採AOC 趨勢.................................................................... 4-8
4.2 AOC 與UV254 的關係.................................................................... 4-11
4.3 AOC 與TOC 的關係......................................................................4-11
4.4 枯水期與豐水期之影響及操作策略探討.....................................4-12
4.5 淨水場程序之生物可利用碳(AOC)處理效能之探討..................4-16
4.6 生物可利用碳控制之最佳化操作及控制策略探討.....................4-17
第五章 結論與建議.................................................................................... 5-1
5.1 結論................................................................................................. 5-1
5.2 建議................................................................................................ 5-1
參考文獻......................................................................................................參-1
附錄A ........................................................................................................A-1
表 目 錄
表2.1 坪頂淨水場供水區域與供水量現況表........................................2-1
表3.1 淨水處理程序與配水管網之微生物控制探討分析彙整表........3-6
表3.2 A、B、C 礦物培養基配製表.......................................................3-17
表3.3 LLA 培養基配製表.......................................................................3-18
圖 目 錄
圖2.1 大高雄地區淨水場位置示意圖I .................................................2-2
圖2.2 大高雄地區淨水場位置示意圖II ................................................2-2
圖2.3 坪頂淨水場處理流程圖I .............................................................2-4
圖2.4 坪頂淨水場處理流程圖II ............................................................2-4
圖4.1 月採平均餘氯濃度對各採樣點趨勢圖........................................4-1
圖4.2 各月份採樣餘氯濃度對各採樣點趨勢圖....................................4-2
圖4.3 月採平均TOC 濃度對各採樣點趨勢圖......................................4-4
圖4.4 月採平均DOC 濃度對各採樣點趨勢圖.....................................4-4
圖4.5 各月份採樣TOC 濃度對各採樣點趨勢圖..................................4-5
圖4.6 各月份採樣DOC 濃度對各採樣點趨勢圖.................................4-5
圖4.7 月份採樣平均UV254 濃度各採樣點趨勢圖................................4-6
圖4.8 各月份採樣DOC 濃度對各採樣點趨勢圖.................................4-7
圖4.9 月採平均AOC 濃度對各採樣點趨勢圖.....................................4-9
圖4.10 各月份採樣AOC 濃度對各採樣點趨勢圖.................................4-9
圖4.11 枯水期與豐水期間TOC 平均濃度對操作單位趨勢圖..............4-13
圖4.12 枯水期與豐水期間DOC 平均濃度對操作單位趨勢圖.............4-13
圖4.13 枯水期與豐水期間UV254 平均濃度對操作單位趨勢圖..........4-14
圖4.14 枯水期與豐水期間UV254/TOC 平均濃度對操作單位趨勢圖.4-14
圖4.15 枯水期與豐水期間AOC 平均濃度對操作單位趨勢圖...........4-15

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