臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討不同添加比例之奈米石墨片/聚丙烯複合材料的機械與熱性質。採用有別於一般奈米複合材料的製造方法，先將1~4 wt%不同規格的奈米石墨片藉由機械力均勻地包覆於不同規格的聚丙烯(MAPP、6331、7533 與7633U)母粒表層。並以DSC 量測得之熔融溫度作為射出成形之加工溫度，並製成試片進行測試。此方法的優點不僅是節省了混煉及造粒的成本，更能降低高分子鏈在混煉過程中可能遭受的破壞。
本文將所製成的各種石墨/聚丙烯複材以X 光繞射儀(XRD)、掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)等方法進行微結構分析及分散狀態之判定；熱重分析儀(TGA)、示差掃描熱卡分析儀(DSC)分析結晶行為、熔融與裂解溫度; 由拉伸、衝擊、三點彎曲測試分析複材之機械性質，並以紅外線熱影像(FLIR)及熱傳導係數儀分析其熱傳導效果。
實驗結果顯示石墨/聚丙烯複合材料之機械性質與奈米石墨片添加比例並無正相關。當添加0.5 wt%奈米石墨片於聚丙烯(6331)中，石墨/聚丙烯複材有最佳的拉伸及彎曲強度補強效果，與相同材料聚丙烯比分別提升了22.14 %與49.25 %；而添加1 wt%奈米石墨片於聚丙烯(6331)中，石墨/聚丙烯複材能有效提升其耐衝擊強度14.9 %。複材之熔融溫度Tm 會隨奈米石墨片添加量的增加而微幅上升。當添加4 wt%於聚丙烯(7533 及7633U)時，出現最佳的吸/散速率及熱傳導係數，其吸/散熱速率依序增加了109 %與153.9 %而熱傳導係數則是由原本未添加的0.26 (W/m‧K)升高至0.3531 (W/m‧K)，提升了35.8 %。

第一章 緒論.................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 前言 ………......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究動機與目的………....................................................................................... 2
第二章 文獻回顧及原理................................................................................................ 5
2.1 塑膠材料 ............................................................................................................. 5
2.1.1塑膠材料之背景.............................................................................................. 5
2.2聚丙烯高分子材料................................................................................................. 7
2.2.1聚丙烯之相關研究.......................................................................................... 7
2.3 石墨........................................................................................................................ 9
2.3.1 天然石墨（Graphite）................................................................................... 9
2.3.1.1 天然石墨的分類.................................................................................... 10
2.3.2 膨脹石墨（Exfoliated-Graphite, EG）........................................................ 13
2.3.3 奈米石墨薄片（Graphite Nanosheet, GNS）.............................................. 14
2.3.4 石墨複合材料................................................................................................ 16
2.4高分子/無機奈米複合材料................................................................................... 17
2.4.1聚丙烯射出成形複合材料............................................................................. 17
2.5 射出成形原理...................................................................................................... 18
2.6 複合材料機械性質理論...................................................................................... 20
2.6.1 拉伸強度理論............................................................................................... 20
2.7 恆力破壞理論...................................................................................................... 26
2.7.1 脆性破壞....................................................................................................... 26
2.7.2 延性破壞....................................................................................................... 30
第三章 實驗................................................................................................................... 31
3.1 實驗材料與儀器................................................................................................... 31
3.1.1 實驗材料........................................................................................................ 31
3.1.2 實驗儀器........................................................................................................ 33
3.1.3 分析儀器........................................................................................................ 37
3.2 實驗流程圖........................................................................................................... 42
3.3 複合材料之特性分析........................................................................................... 44
3.3.1 多功能X-ray 繞射儀(XRD).......................................................................... 44
3.3.2 冷場發射掃瞄式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)....................................................... 44
3.3.3 微焦單眼數位相機(DSLR)........................................................................... 45
3.3.4 抗拉性能試驗................................................................................................ 45
3.3.5 三點彎曲性能試驗........................................................................................ 48
3.3.6 衝擊性能試驗................................................................................................ 48
3.3.7 示差掃瞄熱卡分析儀(DSC).......................................................................... 49
3.3.8 熱傳導係數量測............................................................................................ 49
第四章 結果與討論........................................................................................................ 51
4.1奈米石墨片/聚丙烯複合材料試樣外觀分析........................................................ 51
4.2 掃描式電子顯微鏡表面觀察…........................................................................... 53
4.3 X光繞射儀分析..................................................................................................... 56
4.4 熱示差掃瞄熱卡分析儀(DSC)分析..................................................................... 59
4.5 奈米石墨片/聚丙烯複合材料之拉伸測試.......................................................... 63
4.6 奈米石墨片/聚丙烯複合材料之拉伸破損分析.................................................. 69
4.7 三點彎曲測試....................................................................................................... 76
4.8 擺錘式衝擊測試(Izod)......................................................................................... 81
4.9 紅外線熱影像(FLIR)表面溫差測試................................................................... 85
4.10 熱傳導係數量測................................................................................................. 94
第五章 結論.................................................................................................................... 98
參考文獻....................................................................................................................... 100

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