臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本試驗為探討海拔、季節與遮光材料對蝴蝶蘭開花之影響，將四種不同花色蝴蝶蘭品種分別置於中高海拔及平地地區之不同遮光材料中於冬、夏兩季栽培，進行開花試驗調查。
冬季將四種不同蝴蝶蘭品種成熟之植株，栽培於海拔70公尺之台糖南靖蘭園一般網室，使其接受自然涼溫抽梗而開花，調查其開花等園藝性狀。另於初夏時將相同四種蝴蝶蘭品種之植株置於海拔1100公尺之隙頂青山蘭園行催花處理，而於花梗抽出達17公分時，部分植株移至平地台糖南靖蘭園行一般栽培管理。待兩個月之培育而於開花時，調查兩個不同栽培地區蝴蝶蘭花朵呈色表現與開花性狀比較。結果紅花品種與白花紅唇品種之唇瓣部位在高海拔地區栽培，可能因受溫度影響，與平地夏、冬季栽培比較，花朵呈色轉為較深的紫紅色，且花青素含量較高。
花青素之組成結果，發現紅花品種及白花紅唇品種之唇瓣部位主要內含Delphinidin與Cyanidin，且開花時之溫度會影響其含量比率。Delphinidin與Cyanidin之含量比率隨開花時溫度之提高而降低，因此以高海拔地區栽培之Delphinidin含量比率最高，其次為平地冬季栽培者，而以平地夏季栽培者較低。至於黃花及白花兩品種因花朵內不含花青素，因此在呈色表現上並沒有明顯差異。
四種不同蝴蝶蘭品種在開花性狀調查結果顯示，不論那一品種皆以高海拔地區栽培者其花序最長，花朵數最多，且花朵排列亦較整齊，其次又以平地冬季栽培者表現次之，平地夏季栽培者花序最短，花朵數最少。至於四種不同遮光材料下處理結果，顯示對四種不同蝴蝶蘭品種呈色與花青素含量及組成份之影響，差異並不顯著；而對於開花性狀之影響，顯示於高海拔地區，大白花及白花紅唇兩品種之花序長，於高遮光率之銀色膜下栽培，長於高透光率之透明膜且有明顯差異，而在平地冬、夏兩季，不同遮光材料下對開花性狀之影響，並沒有明顯差異。

The objects of the experiments that are to investigate the influences of plants grown at different altitudes and seasons, shading materials of green house on appearances and anthocyanin content of flowers of Phalaenopsis hybrids. The plants of four cultivars of Phalaenopsi hybrids were grown in green house covered with different shading materials located at low land and mid-high altitudes, then the appearances and anthocyanin contents of flowers were measured.
Four varieties of matured Phalaenopsis were planted in screen house of Nan-Ching Orchid Nursery of Taiwan Sugar Corporation at elevation of 70m above the sea level to observe the horticultural characteristics on flowering under natural weather in winter. The same four varieties of Phalaenopsis were planted in Ching-shan Orchid Nursery at elevation of 1100m above the sea level for flower forcing. When the stalk emergence was 17m long, some plants were relocated to Nan-Ching Orchid Nursery of Taiwan Sugar Corporation at level ground for regular planting. When the plants were flowering after 2 months, the colors and flowing of the Phalaenopsis planted at two areas were compared and studied. The result shows that the varieties with red and red-core-white flower planted in high elevation areas bloomed purplish red flowers which were darker than those planted at level ground in summer and winter season, and produced higher concentration of anthocyanin.
The composition of anthocyanin shows that Delphinidin and Cyanidin were founded in the varieties with red and red-core-white flower. The temperature on flowering time may affect the concentration. The concentration ratio of Delphinidin and Cyanidin decreases as the temperature during the flowering time increases. The concentration ratio of Delphinidin is the highest in plants planted in high elevation areas, followed by those planted on level ground in winter, while those planted in level ground in summer is the lowest. Since varieties of yellow and white colors do not contain anthocyanin, the colors show no difference.
In terms of the flowering characteristics, all four varieties of Phalaenopsis producead the longest inflorescence, most number of flowers, and orderly disposition of flowers when planted in high elevation areas, followed by those planted on level ground in winter. Plants planted on level ground in season produced the shortest inflorescence and least number of flowers. Under four different light shades, the effect on the coloring of four varieties of Phalaenopsis and concentration and composition of anthocyanin is not significant. In terms of the flowering characteristics, varieties of large white and red-core-white flower produced long inflorescence. The flowering characteristics show significant difference on plants planted under silver and transparent shading materials. The flowering characteristics of plants grown under shaging materials on level ground in winter and summer has no significant difference.

內容目次
壹、前言（Introduction）…………………………………………………..…..……1
貳、前人研究（Literature review）…………………………………………….…3
一、蝴蝶蘭之分類……………………………………………………………….…3
二、蝴蝶蘭之分佈及生育性狀………………………………………………….….3
三、影響蝴蝶蘭花芽誘導與發育之因子………………………………………….8
（一）幼年性……………………………………………………………………..…8
（二）溫度…………………………………………………………………………10
（三）光強度………………………………………………………………………15
（四）荷爾蒙………………………………………………………………………18
四、花色表現與色素組成之探討…………………………………………………20
五、溫度與光度對花青素生合成之影響…………………………………………22
（一）花青素的結構………………………………………………………………22
（二）溫度對花青素生合成之影響………………………………………………23
（三）光度對花青素生合成之影響………………………………………………24
參、材料與方法（Materials and Methods）…………………............…………26
一、試驗材料………………………………………………………………………26
（一）植物材料……………………………………………………………………26
（二）遮光材料……………………………………………………………………26
（三）測定儀器…………………………………………………………………...27
二、試驗環境………………………………………………………………………27
三、試驗設計………………………………………………………………………28
四、試驗方法………………………………………………………………………28
肆、結果（Results）………………………………………………...…………...….32
一、不同海拔、季節與遮光材料下栽培蝴蝶蘭其花梗發育之調查……………32
二、不同海拔、季節與遮光材料下栽培蝴蝶蘭其花序發育之調查……………34
三、不同海拔、季節與遮光材料下栽培蝴蝶蘭其花朵呈色與花青素含量及組
成份之分析……..………………………………………………………...………..37
(一)明度與彩度之調查………………………………………………………...37
(二)花青素含量及組成份之分析…………………………………………...…39
伍、討論（Discussion）…………………………..………………………………..69
一、不同海拔、季節與遮光材料對蝴蝶蘭花梗發育之影響……………………69
二、不同海拔、季節與遮光材料對蝴蝶蘭花序發育之影響……………………70
三、不同海拔、季節與遮光材料對蝴蝶蘭花朵呈色與花青素含量及花青素組
成份之影響…………………………………………………………………...72
陸、參考文獻（References）……………….………………………………….….78

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