臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

液相燒結是一種能夠提升材料緻密度且具經濟性的方式，對於鐵基材料而言，硼元素是較佳的液相燒結元素。本研究將利用肥粒鐵系410L不銹鋼添加0.6 wt.%硼粉，以及為了得到麻田散鐵基地相而再添加0.13 wt.%石墨粉後進行燒結，探討硼與碳元素以及不同溫度(1200℃、1225℃、1250℃、1275℃、1300℃)、不同燒結氣氛(Vacuum、H2)對於液相燒結、機械性質與腐蝕性質之影響。
熱分析結果顯示，410L+0.6B以及410L+0.6B+0.13C分別在1219℃~1242℃及1217℃~1242℃產生液相，因此410L+0.6B及410L+0.6B+0.13C以真空進行1250℃燒結後由於產生共晶硼化物使得緻密度提升，密度提升量分別為1.07 g/cm3及1.11 g/cm3，而410L+0.6B以氫氣進行燒結後其密度提升量更達1.18 g/cm3。顯微組織方面，於氫氣下經1250℃燒結後之410L+0.6B為肥粒鐵組織，以真空燒結410L+0.6B+0.13C之顯微組織則轉變為麻田散鐵。進一步藉由EPMA以及EBSD鑑定結果，基地相為BCC結構、共晶硼化物皆為(Fe,Cr)2B結構。
腐蝕性質方面，系統的抗腐蝕能力會隨著緻密度提高而增加，而以氫氣作為燒結氣氛之410L+0.6B由於具有最佳的緻密度，因此抗腐蝕能力最佳，其腐蝕電位為-0.24 V、腐蝕電流密度為4.34×10-8 A/cm2，然而系統中若添加石墨粉後由於基地相轉變為麻田散鐵而使抗腐蝕能力下降。機械性質方面，在410L不銹鋼中添加硼粉後其抗拉強度可由355 MPa提升至420 MPa，但由於共晶硼化物的影響，其延伸率由20.9 %下降至10.4 %、衝擊能由151 J下降至21 J。於410L+0.6B中添加石墨粉後其抗拉強度更可達到843 MPa，但是延性及韌性表現較差，延伸率僅2.7 %、衝擊能僅剩6 J。

Liquid phase sintering (LPS) is an economical technique to promote densification of powder metallurgy material. Boron is the best element for liquid phase sintering of iron-based material. In this study, the effects of the boron and carbon elements, sintering temperature (1200℃、1225℃、1250℃、1275℃、1300℃), and sintering atmosphere (vacuum and hydrogen) on the LPS, mechanical performance, and corrosion properties of 410L+0.6 wt% B (ferrite) and 410L + 0.6wt% B + 0.13 wt% C (martensite) stainless steels were investigated.
The results of thermal analysis indicate that the liquid phase is generated at 1219℃~1242℃ and 1217℃~1242℃ for the 410L+0.6B and 410L+0.6B+0.13C steels, respectively. Therefore, the densities of 410L+0.6B steel sintered at 1250℃ in vacuum, 410L+0.6B+0.13C steel sintered at 1250℃ in vacuum, and 410L+0.6B steel sintered at 1250℃ in H2 are increased by 1.07 g/cm3, 1.11 g/cm3 and 1.18 g/cm3, respectively. About the microstructure, the 410L+0.6B steel sintered at 1250℃ in H2 is ferrite, and that of the 410L+0.6B+0.13C steel sintered at 1250℃ in vacuum is transformed from ferrite to martensite. The matrix is BCC structure, and the eutectic boride is (Fe,Cr)2B structure, as identified by EPMA and EBSD.
About corrosion behavior, the results show that the corrosion resistance could be increased by improving the densification. The 410L+0.6B steel sintered in H2 exhibits the best corrosion performance due to its optimal densification. The corrosion potential is -0.24 V, and the corrosion current density is 4.34×10-8 A/cm2. However, when the graphite was added to the system, the matrix transforms from ferrite to martensite, resulting in the degradation of corrosion resistance. About the mechanical properties, the ultimate tensile strength is increased from 355 MPa to 420 MPa by adding boron into 410L stainless steel. The elongation is decreased from 20.9 % to 10.4 %, and the impact energy is impaired from 151 J to 21 J due to the eutectic boride. Besides, the ultimate tensile strength can reach 843 MPa by adding graphite to 410L+0.6B system, but the ductility and toughness are 2.7 % and 6 J, respectively.

摘 要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 粉末冶金簡介 3
2.1.1 元素添加對粉末冶金鋼硬化能影響 4
2.1.2 孔隙率對粉末冶金鋼機械性質影響 5
2.2 不銹鋼簡介 6
2.2.1 肥粒鐵系不銹鋼 6
2.2.2 麻田散鐵系不銹鋼 7
2.2.3 其他系列不銹鋼 7
2.3 液相燒結 9
2.3.1 液相燒結各階段簡介 10
2.4 液相燒結元素 11
2.4.1 硼(Boron) 11
2.4.2 其他液相燒結元素 15
2.5 鐵基粉末材料之液相燒結 19
2.5.1 肥粒鐵系不銹鋼之液相燒結 20
2.5.2 麻田散鐵系不銹鋼之液相燒結 27
2.5.3 其他系列不銹鋼之液相燒結 29
2.5.4 合金鋼之液相燒結 31
第三章 實驗步驟 41
3.1 實驗設計與流程 41
3.2 粉末特性與胚體製作 43
3.3 熱分析 45
3.4 燒結條件 46
3.5 燒結密度 46
3.6 顯微組織觀察 47
3.6.1 金相觀察 47
3.6.2 孔隙率、孔洞圓形度及平均晶粒尺寸計算 47
3.6.3 合金元素分佈與定量分析 48
3.6.4 相結構鑑定 48
3.7 機械性質測試 48
3.7.1 硬度測試 48
3.7.2 抗拉性質試驗 49
3.8 腐蝕特性 50
3.9 分析儀器 51
第四章 結果 52
4.1 熱分析 52
4.2 顯微組織 54
4.2.1 410L與410L+0.6B之顯微組織觀察 54
4.2.2 410L+0.13C與410L+0.6B+0.13C之顯微組織觀察 58
4.3 孔隙率、孔洞圓形度及平均晶粒尺寸分析 61
4.4 元素分佈與定量分析 63
4.5 相結構鑑定 67
4.6 燒結密度 69
4.7 腐蝕性質 71
4.8 機械性質分析 74
4.8.1 硬度量測 74
4.8.2 拉伸試驗 78
4.8.3 衝擊試驗 83
第五章 討論 88
5.1 燒結溫度及氣氛對顯微組織及燒結密度之影響 88
5.2 腐蝕性質 90
5.3 機械性質 91
第六章 結論 95
參考文獻 96

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