臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

數位浮水印技術乃是利用人眼無法察覺細微影像變化的特點，在不被人眼察覺的前提下將含有特殊用途或意義的資訊以各種方式嵌入於原始數位影像中，並期望縱使影像資料經過加解密、壓縮、非惡意或其他刻意的影像處理，所嵌入之資訊依然可以被偵測出來。
本論文中，我們提出一種結合離散小波-離散餘弦復合式轉換及錯誤更正碼技術的多數決浮水印架構，希望藉由結合隱藏3個不同屬性的浮水印、使用錯誤更正碼技術來提高資料位元取出時之可靠度及利用多數決判斷及互補架構來決定最後輸出等三個方式來提高浮水印在各種攻擊行為下的存活機率。同時，本架構在浮水印偵測及取出過程不需借助原始影像之輔助，可避免原始影像儲存及傳送之問題並有效節省記憶體空間。
在實驗過程中我們使用Photoshop影像處理軟體及浮水印外部攻擊程式來模擬影像在一般運用狀況下可能會面臨的各種有意或無意的處理行為並藉由觀察及分析實驗結果以確定我們所提出之架構在面對一般的攻擊行為時浮水印具有很高的存活機率及取出品質。

Abstract— In this thesis we present a digital watermarking scheme that is based on DWT-DCT composite, error correction code and majority judgement techniques. For the purpose of increasing the robustness of watermarking against attacks from image transmission, we encode an image and embedded watermarks by Turbo code with error correction capability. Three identity encoded watermarks was embedded into the host image, two watermarks were using a combine method of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) algorithm and the other one is embedded into the three lowest detail suband images by a significant triplet of wavelet coefficients. The performance of the proposed scheme is tested on a series of attacks in geometry processing, image processing and compression. Examples are down-scaling, Gaussian filtering, uniform noise addition, JPEG2000, etc. The corresponding experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme has better performance.

謝辭 i
中文摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目次 iv
表目次 vii
圖目次 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1簡介 1
1.2研究動機 2
1.3論文架構 3
第二章 文獻探討 4
2.1數位浮水印 4
2.2數位浮水印分類與相關研究 5
2.2.1 可視型數位浮水印 5
2.2.2不可視型數位浮水印 6
2.2.3空間域數位浮水印 6
2.2.4頻率域數位浮水印 7
2.2.4.1離散餘弦轉換技術類 8
2.2.4.2離散小波轉換技術類 12
2.2.4.3複合式浮水印技術類 16
2.3常見攻擊方式 17
2.3.1一般訊號處理類攻擊方式 17
2.3.2幾何處理類攻擊方式 20
2.4效能評估 22
2.4.1影像品質差異效能評估 22
2.4.2嵌入與取出浮水印相似度效能評估 23
第三章 相關技術及研究架構 25
3.1離散餘弦轉換技術 25
3.1.1 離散餘弦轉換方式 26
3.2離散小波轉換技術 27
3.2.1 Haar函數的離散小波轉換方式 27
3.2.2離散小波轉換與四元樹的關係 30
3.3錯誤更正碼技術 31
3.3.1 渦輪碼 35
3.4研究架構 61
第四章 實驗結果 64
4.1實驗步驟 64
4.1.1浮水印資料序列產生 64
4.1.2 DCT域浮水印嵌入 65
4.1.3 DWT域浮水印嵌入 67
4.1.4 浮水印偵測及取出 69
4.2 實驗結果與效能比較 71
4.2.1嵌入浮水印後影像差異（透明度） 72
4.3幾何破壞 75
4.3.1 裁切 75
4.3.2 縮放 77
4.4影像處理破壞 78
4.4.1 高斯均化濾波器 78
4.4.2 銳化濾波器 78
4.4.3 Unsharp濾波器 79
4.4.4 Blur濾波器 80
4.5雜訊添加破壞 81
4.5.1 高斯雜訊 81
4.5.2 均勻雜訊 83
4.5.3 Impulse Salt and Pepper雜訊 84
4.6資料壓縮破壞 86
4.6.1 JPEG壓縮 86
4.6.2 JPEG2000壓縮 87
4.7效能比較 88
第五章 結論與未來展望 93
5.1結論 93
5.2未來展望 93
參考文獻 94

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