臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在供水系統中使用加氯消毒可有效降低由細菌、病毒及寄生生物所導致之疾病。然而，經由科學研究顯示，自來水供應系統加氯過程中所產生的消毒副產物，會輕微增加致癌機率，而總三鹵甲烷為飲用水中最主要的加氯消毒副產物。因此本實驗希望能建立線上偵測飲用水中之三鹵甲烷濃度之方法。
在本實驗中，利用修改實驗室已建有之連續式高流速吹氣/冷凍聚焦捕捉系統，以更為經濟、簡便的方法來達到線上偵測的目的。利用實驗中所建立之連續式吹氣捕捉裝置進行樣品之前處理，以吸附劑進行樣品捕捉，並結合快速氣相層析儀對分析物進行快速分離及測定。實驗結果針對三鹵甲烷之偵測極限皆在ppt的濃度範圍。此外，將實驗室日前所建之另一套線上分析系統 --- 薄膜送樣結合樣品前濃縮/快速氣相層析質譜儀系統之自動化也是本實驗之研究重點。由於是自動化系統，除了能節省人力資源，使人為誤差降至最低，還能夠進行較長時間的偵測，較符合未來實際應用。

Chlorination has made the water supply safe from illness producing bacteria, viruses and parasites. However, some scientific studies have linked byproduct of chlorinating water to increased risk of cancer. Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) are major byproduct of chlorinating water.
In this content, an analytical method based on continuous-flow purge-and-trap and fast gas chromatography mass-spectrometry has developed for on-line monitoring of trihalomethane （THMs）in drinking water. The trap tube with packing Tenax TA in 0.32mm i.d. capillary tube making the experiment could be operated at the room temperature. There was no possibility to clog the capillary trap with frozen ice. Moreover, the detection limits of THMs were in low ppt level with using this system.
The method based on membrane introduction-fast gas chromatography mass-spectrometry was also used for on-line monitoring of trihalomethane （THMs）in drinking water. Connection the GC event with the automated valve by using the relay, the system could be automated and become more appropriate for real sample analysis.
In our study, both systems were automated systems. With automated system, the operator time was reduced and the laboratory output was increased. Moreover, it could avoid the possibility of contamination and sample loss during hand-on operator.

第一章 前言及文獻回顧
1-1 研究動機 ---------------------------------------- 1
1-2 氯消毒劑與消毒副產物 ---------------------------- 5
1-2-1 氯消毒劑 ------------------------------------ 5
1-2-2 加氯消毒副產物 ------------------------------ 7
1-2-3 加氯消毒副產物法規管制標準 -------------------10
1-3 現行檢測飲用水中三鹵甲烷之方法 ------------------ 13
1-3-1 吹氣捕捉氣相層析法 -------------------------- 14
1-3-1-1 吹氣捕捉法 ------------------------------ 14
1-3-1-2 吹氣捕捉與氣相層析管柱之界面 ------------ 18
1-4 線上分析 ---------------------------------------- 23
1-4-1 薄膜送樣質譜技術（MIMS）--------------------- 26
1-4-1-1薄膜送樣質譜技術之原理 ------------------- 30
1-4-1-2樣品傳送到薄膜送樣裝置的方式 ------------ 33
1-4-2 快速氣相層析法 ------------------------------ 36
1-5 研究方法及方向 ---------------------------------- 39
1-6 固體吸附劑之選擇 -------------------------------- 43
1-7 致冷器 ------------------------------------------ 56
第二章 實驗部分
2-1 儀器設備 ---------------------------------------- 60
2-2 藥品及標準溶液配製 ------------------------------ 64
2-3 三鹵甲烷之質譜 ---------------------------------- 65
2-4 實驗系統設計 ------------------------------------ 68
2-4-1 取樣系統設計 -------------------------------- 68
2-4-1-1 連續式低流速/單閥門/吸附劑捕捉系統 ------ 68
2-4-1-2 連續式吹氣/雙閥門/吸附劑捕捉系統 -------- 72
2-4-2 自動化的設計與整合 -------------------------- 75
第三章 結果與討論
3-1連續式低流速/單閥門/吸附劑捕捉系統 -------------- 81
3-2連續式吹氣/雙閥門/吸附劑捕捉系統 ---------------- 85
3-3 系統分析結果 ------------------------------------ 99
3-3-1 三鹵甲烷之吹氣捕捉吹氣效率 ------------------ 99
3-3-2 檢量線之製作與真實水樣的分析 --------------- 104
3-3-2-1連續式低流速/單閥門/吸附劑捕捉系統 ------ 104
3-3-2-2連續式吹氣/雙閥門/吸附劑捕捉系統 -------- 108
3-4 連續式吹氣/雙閥門/吸附劑捕捉系統與連續式高流速吹氣/冷凍聚焦捕捉系統之比較 ----------------------------- 120
3-5 結論 ------------------------------------------- 127
第四章 脈動式薄膜送樣結合快速氣相層析質譜儀系統之自動化
4-1 實驗部分 --------------------------------------- 129
4-1-1 儀器設備 ----------------------------------- 129
4-1-2 藥品及標準溶液配製 ------------------------- 130
4-1-3實驗系統設計 -------------------------------- 131
4-2結果與討論 -------------------------------------- 134
4-2-1系統分析結果 -------------------------------- 134
4-2-2檢量線之製作與真實水樣的分析 ---------------- 142
4-3結論 -------------------------------------------- 148
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