臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文是以離散事件監督控制理論為基礎，對於捷運號誌系統以及排班策略進行分析，找出影響控制決策的事件，並以系統化的方法設計出理想的監控器，藉由致動器與感應器的最佳配置，改善事件對於監控器的限制。
首先，我們找出離散事件監督控制系統與捷運號誌系統的相互對應關係，將捷運列車所有動態行為塑模成狀態自動機，接著訂定系統的合法區，我們預期受控體在經過監督控制後必定會滿足此行為規格。由於事件可控性與可觀性的影響，造成系統在運行時可能會脫離合法區，跑到我們不預期的狀態，我們藉由可控事件的抑止與不可觀事件造成控制決策衝突的分析，排除導致系統違反行為規格的事件，設計出滿足行為規範的監控器，另外我們提出一系統化的方法，用以得到理想的監控器。最後，我們分析致動器與感應器的最佳配置，改善事件對於監控器的限制。

This thesis studies the signaling and scheduling for MRT based on the framework of discrete event system supervisory control theory. The object is to find out the events that may decide the control policies and give a systematic approach for designing a controller by assigning sensors and actors.
First, we find the relationships between discrete event system supervisory control and MRT signaling system, and model the dynamic behaviors of the trains by automata. Then, we give the system legal constrains to ensure the plant would satisfy the made specifics. However, due to the event controllability and observability, the system behaviors may depart from the legal constrains and reach to the unexpected states during operating. In order to avoid the case describing above, we can restrain some specific controllable events and unobservable events to design a supervisor so that the system would satisfy the specifics.
In addition, we propose a systematic approach for designing a perfect supervisor. Finally, we can get a least constrained supervisor by analyzing the optimum assignment of sensors and actuators.

目錄
第１章 序論 1
１.１ 研究背景與動機 1
１.２ 文獻審閱 5
１.３ 本文貢獻 6
１.４ 本文架構 7
第２章 捷運號誌系統塑模與排程設計 9
２.１ 簡介 9
２.２ 號誌控制系統與致動器 10
２.２.１ 號誌控制系統架構 10
２.２.２ 號誌控制系統塑模 12
２.２.３ 致動器對於系統控制決策的影響 13
２.３ 閉塞區間與感應器 14
２.３.１ 閉塞區間設計原理 14
２.３.２ 閉塞區間塑模 16
２.３.３ 感應器對於系統控制決策的影響 17
２.４ 捷運系統安全性問題 17
第３章 離散事件動態系統之監督控制理論概論 19
３.１ 簡介 19
３.２ 自動機塑模與運算 20
３.２.１ 自動機塑模 21
３.２.２ 自動機基本運算 24
３.２.３ 自動機的語言描述 26
３.２.４ 系統規格的描述 26
３.３ 可控性 28
３.４ 可觀性 32
３.５ 可控及可觀性問題 39
３.６ 典型的監督控制問題與解法 40
３.６.１ 典型的監督控制問題 40
３.６.２ 典型監督控制問題的解法 45
３.７ UMDES-LIB 軟體套件 48
第４章 監控理論在號誌系統設計上的應用 49
４.１ 號誌系統之自動機塑模 49
４.２ 系統規格：合法區與非法區之界定 53
４.３ 可控制事件的抑止以及規格之可控性 57
４.３.１ 可控性對系統的影響 58
４.３.２ 致動器可控性的應用 60
４.３.３ 可控制事件的抑止 61
４.４ 不可觀事件的困擾以及規格之可觀性 66
４.４.１ 可觀性對系統的影響 66
４.４.２ 感應器可觀性的應用 69
４.４.３ P-SUPERVISOR 運作原理 70
４.５ 監控問題之最佳解 76
４.５.１ 基本監督控制觀測問題（BSCOP） 77
４.５.２ NORMALITY與THE SUPREMAL CONTROLLABLE AND NORMAL SUBLANGUAGE 78
４.６ 監督控制問題解題步驟 81
４.６.１ CASE1：（C,O） 83
４.６.２ CASE2：（UC,O） 83
４.６.３ CASE3：（C,UO） 83
４.６.４ CASE4：（UC,UO） 84
第５章 實例研究 85
５.１ 環狀系統問題 85
５.２ 系統塑模與監督控制模擬 87
５.３ 系統分析：致動器與感應器的最佳配置 97
第６章 結論 100
附錄A 102
附錄B 110
附錄C 121
參考文獻 152

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