臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文利用多重感測器與超音波時變加密編碼訊號，設計並實作一嵌入式監視系統。我們利用焦電型紅外線感測器、超音波感測器來形成互補的感測群組，並將其放置在不同的地點，如家中或倉庫來偵測入侵者。超音波感測群組由發射端與接收端形成線性的偵測區域，並利用多組超音波感測群組強化偵測範圍。單頻超音波感測器所打出的訊號易受環境干擾，有著高接收錯誤率與串音干擾等缺點，因此我們提出超音波編碼機制，增強超音波訊號型態區分，同時降低環境干擾與串音干擾的影響。理論上，編碼訊號的可靠度會根據其編碼效率、位元速率與位元錯誤率而有所改變。為證明編碼訊號比非編碼訊號來的可靠，透過擾動位元數的不同，得到當擾動位元數大於一定數量時，編碼訊號會比非編碼訊號來的可靠。此外增加時變編碼機制，增強超音波訊號動態區隔，並增加時變加密以提升相同訊號長度下的可靠度。嵌入式監視系統經由超音波感測群組、焦電型紅外線感測群組感測入侵者，並利用多數決機制判斷是否有入侵者。

In this thesis we design and implement an embedded surveillance system by use of a time-variation ultrasonic coding signal with multiple pyroelectric infrared sensors (PIR) to detect an intruder in a home or a storehouse. The ultrasonic sensor module consists of a transmitter and a receiver which are placed in a line direction; however, ultrasonic sensors with the same frequency not only are subject to interference by crosstalk with each other but also have a high miss rate. To overcome these disadvantages of the ultrasonic sensor, we propose a coding mechanism to reduce both crosstalk and environmental interference and to enhance the distinguishing features of the signal. In an ideal case, the reliability of time-variation coding signal consists of bit rate, coding efficiency and error bit rate. To confirm the sensing probability of a coding signal, we find the relationship between a signal interferes with timing and reliability when an intruder passes through the detection area. In addition we use a time-variation coding signal both to make the system more reliable and to prevent of the system from crashing when the coding signals vary. Both ultrasonic sensors and PIR sensors are managed by the majority voting mechanism (MVM).

摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 相關研究綜覽 2
1.3 利用多重感測器和超音波訊號編碼設計與建構嵌入式監視系統 4
1.4 利用超音波時變編碼訊號與多重感測器提升嵌入式監視系統可靠度 4
1.5 論文架構 5
第二章 利用多重感測器和超音波訊號編碼設計與建構嵌入式監視系統 6
2.1 監視系統架構 6
2.1.1 監視系統硬體架構 7
2.1.2 監視系統軟體架構 9
2.2 感測器硬體介紹 11
2.2.1 焦電型紅外線感測器 12
2.2.2 壓力感測器 14
2.2.3 超音波感測器 14
2.3 編碼特徵 18
2.4 超音波感測器可靠度提升實驗量測與數據推導 19
2.4.1 利用多數決機制之多顆感測器可靠度推導 20
2.4.2 多頻超音波 24
2.4.3 超音波編碼 26
第三章 利用超音波時變編碼訊號與多重感測器提升嵌入式監視系統可靠度 33
3.1 系統架構 33
3.2 時變編碼特徵 34
3.3 錯誤更正碼簡介 36
3.3.1 漢明碼 36
3.4 時變訊號數據推導與實作量測成果 38
3.4.1 超音波時變訊號產生方式 38
3.4.2 時變訊號偵測機制 39
3.4.3 時變訊號可靠度 40
3.4.4 編碼訊號與擾動位元關係推導 41
3.4.5 時變加密訊號實作與推導 44
第四章 結論與未來發展 51
4.1 結論 51
4.2 遭遇困難 52
4.3 未來研究方向 52
4.3.1 可重複觸發式PIR感測器 53
4.3.2 自動增益放大電路之超音波接收電路 53
4.3.3 高時脈之單晶片 53
參考文獻 54
附錄 60

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