臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

正交分頻多工技術已被廣泛地應用於無線通訊領域裡。在本篇論文裡，我們介紹零點後置碼單載波系統。零點後置碼單載波系統有較低的峰值對平均功率比值(PAPR)。發射端不需要知道通道的訊息，其僅將平行的訊號做成串列的處理。同時，零點後置碼單載波系統接收器所收到的訊號不像循環前置碼單載波系統有區塊間(inter block)的干擾，其接收器為N點輸入及M點輸出，可提供更多自由度的接收器設計。基於效能及設計複雜度的考量，我們提出不同的接收器設計。在實際位元錯誤率的考量下，我們可發現零點後置碼單載波系統比正交分頻多工有較佳的效能。

In this thesis, we introduce the zero-padding single carrier system (zero padding SC). The zero padding SC system has a very low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The transmitter does not assume any knowledge about the channel and does nothing more than parallel to serial operation. Unlike the cyclic prefix single carrier system, there is no inter block interference in the receivered sequence of samples for the zero padding SC system. The receiver has N input and M output. This allows more flexibility in designing the receivers. We propose different receivers for the zero padding SC system that give different trade-offs between performance and implementation complexity. The zero padding SC system performs significantly better than the OFDM system for a practical range of probability of errors. Performance evaluation of the receiver designs will be given.

1 Introduction 4
1.1 Notations . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 5
2 OFDM System 7
2.1 System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Performance of OFDM . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 9
3 Zero Padding Single Carrier System 13
3.1 Zero-Forcing Receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2 SC System with MMSE Receivers .. . . . . . . . 16
3.3 Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of SC System . . . . . 22
3.4 Channel Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4 Performance Evaluation 27
4.1 Channel Model . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 27
4.2 Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5 Conclusion 39

[1] J. A. C. Bingham, “Multicarrier Modulation for Data transmission: An Idea Whose Time
Has Come,” IEEE Commum. Magazine, vol. 26, no. 6, pp 5-14, May 1990.
[2] A. N. Akansu, et. al., “Orthogonal Transmultiplexers in Communication: A Review,”
IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 46, pp. 979-995, April 1998.
[3] I. Kalet, “Multitone Modulation,” in A. N. Akansu and M. J. T. Smith, Eds., “Subband
and Wavelet Transforms: Design and Applications,” Boston, MA: Kluwer, 1995.
[4] L. J. Cimini, “Analysis and Simualtion of a Digital Mobile Channel Using Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiple Access,” IEEE trans. Commum., vol. 30, pp 665-675, July
1985.
[5] ETSI, “Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to Mobile, Portable and Fixed Receivers,” ETS
300 401, 1994.
[6] ETSI, “Digital Video Broadcasting; Framing, Stucture, Channel Coding and Modulation
for Digital Terrestrial Television (DVB-T),” ETS 300 744, 1997.
[7] J.S. Chow, J.C. Tu, and J. M.Cio±, “A Discrete Multitine Transceiver System for HDSL
Application,” IEEE J. Select. Areas Comm., vol. 9, no. 6, Aug. 1991.
[8] ISO/IEC, IEEE Std. 802.11a, 1999.
[9] ETSI, “Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); HIPERLAN Type 2 technical speci-
ficaiton Part 1 — physical layer,” DTS/BRAN030003-1,Oct. 1999.
[10] J.Tellado and John Cio±, “E±cient Algorithm for Reducing PAR in Multicarrier Systems,”
Proc. ISIT 1998, Cambridge, August 1998.
[11] A. E. Jones, T. A. Wilkinson, and S.K. Barton, “Block Coding Scheme for Reduction of
Peak to Mean Envolope Power Ratio of Multicarrier Transmission Schemes,” Electronic
Letters, vol. 40, pp. 2098-2099. 1994.
[12] J. A. Davis and J. Jedwab, “Peak-to-Mean Power Control and Error Correction for OFDM
Transmission Using Golay Sequences and Reed-Muller Codes,” Electronic Letters, vol.33,
no. 4, pp. 267-268, Feb. 1997.
[13] X. Ma, C. Tepedelenlioglu, G. B. Giannakis, and S. Barbarossa, “Non-Data Aided Carrier-
O®set Estimators for OFDM with Null Sub-Carriers: Identifiability, Algorithms, and Performance,”
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 19, no.12, pp. 2504-
2515, Dec. 2001.
[14] X. Ma and G. B. Giannakis, “Robustifying OFDM against Frequency-O®sets using Space-
Time Block Coding,” Proc. of 35th Conf. on Info. Sciences and Systems, The Johns Hopkins
Univ., Baltimore, March 21-23, 2001.
[15] M. Morelli and U. Mengali, “An improved frequency o®set estimator for OFDM applications,”
IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 3, pp. 75V77, Mar. 1999.
[16] B. Muquet, Z. Wang, G.B. Giannakis, M. de Courville, and P. Duhamel, “Cyclic prefixed
or zero padded multicarrier transmission?” IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2002
(to appear); downloadable from http://spincom.ece.umn.edu
[17] M. de Courville, P. Duhamel, P. Madec and J. Palicot, “Blind equalization of OFDM
systems based on the minimization of a quadratic criterion,” Proc. Int. Conf. Commun.,
vol. 3, pp. 1318-1322, Mar. 1996.
[18] Rohit Negi and John Cio±, “Pilot Tone Selection for Channel Estimation in a Mobile
OFDM System,” IEEE Trans. Consumers, vol. 44 no. 3, August 1998.
[19] J. Manton, “Optimal training Sequences and pilot Tones for OFDM Systems,” IEEE
Communicaiton Letters, vol. 5, no. 4, April 2001.
[20] Shuichi Ohno and G.B. Giannakis, “Optimal Training and Redundant Precoding for Block
Transmissions with Applications to Wireless OFDM,” Proc. International Conference on
Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Salt Lake, May 2001.
[21] Z. Wang, X. Ma, and G. B. Giannakis, “OFDM or Single-Carrier Zero-Padded Block
Transmissions?” IEEE Transactions on Communications, submitted August 2001.
[22] Z.Wang and G. B. Giannakis, “Linearly precoded or coded OFDM against wireless channel
fades?” in Proc. of IEEEWorkshop on Signal Proc. Advances in Wireless Comm., Taoyuan,
Taiwan, R.O.C.,pp. 267V270, Mar, 2001.
[23] D. L. Goeckel and G. Ananthaswamy, “On the Design of Multidimensional Signal Sets
for OFDM Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, VOL. 50, NO. 3, Mar 2002.
[24] R. Cendrillon and m. Moonen, “E±cient Equalizers for Single and Mulit-Carrier Environments
with Know Symbol Padding,” ISSPA, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Aug. 2001.
[25] Yuan-Pei Lin, See-May Phoong, “BTDM: A Low-PAPR Transceiver Resistant to Spectral
Null,”
[26] J.G. Proakis, “Digital Communications,” McGraw-Hill, 1995.
[27] P.P. Vaidyanathan, “Multirate System and Filter Banks,” Englewood Cli®s, Prentice-Hall,
1993.
[28] ESTI Normalization Committee, “Channel Models for HiperLAN/2 in di®erent indoor
scenarios,” Norme ESTI, documemnt 3ERI085B, 1998.
[29] Gordon L. Stuber, “Principal of Mobile Communication,” Kluwer Academic Publishers,
1996.
[30] J. Medbo, “Radio Wave propagation Characteristics at 5 GHz with Modeling Suggestions
for HIPERLAN/2,” ESTI BRAN 3ERI074A, Jan. 1998.