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研究生:鄞伊韋
研究生(外文):Yin, Yi-wei
論文名稱:英國統治下北愛爾蘭政治衝突與解決之研究
論文名稱(外文):The Study of Political Conflict and Solution in Northern Ireland under British Rule
指導教授:郭秋慶郭秋慶引用關係
指導教授(外文):Kuo, Chiu-ching
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:淡江大學
系所名稱:歐洲研究所
學門:社會及行為科學學門
學類:區域研究學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2001
畢業學年度:89
語文別:中文
論文頁數:202
中文關鍵詞:北愛爾蘭政治衝突新教徒天主教徒
外文關鍵詞:Northern Irelandpolitical conflictProtestantCatholic
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:7
  • 點閱點閱:488
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:2
一九九八年四月十日,英國﹑愛爾蘭共和國﹑北愛爾蘭各政黨正式簽署了貝爾發斯特協議, 這象徵了糾纏多年的北愛爾蘭衝突邁向終結。自一九二二年南北愛爾蘭分治開始,仍屬於英國統治下的北愛爾蘭延續著新教徒與天主教徒間的衝突,到了一九六0年代隨著民權運動的興起,暴力的活動也層出不窮,至七0年初期,在混亂中喪生人數遽增。
本論文採取「個案研究法」,也就是把所研究對象看做一個整體,加以詳細描繪以及分析,從而反映其背景與內部各單位﹑各層面的聯繫與實況,再透過社會衝突理論的角度研究北愛爾蘭衝突,並且探求其可能的解決途徑。本文著重在達倫道夫所強調的「支配與被支配角色的分析」以及科塞《社會衝突的功能》一書所提及的衝突命題。
本文的架構分別是:第一章﹑北愛爾蘭社會背景與衝突起源;第二章﹑北愛爾蘭政治衝突與競爭;第三章﹑北愛爾蘭衝突的結構分析;第四章﹑北愛爾蘭衝突的解決。自從一八八0年聯合法案在英國國會與愛爾蘭議會通過之後,英國與愛爾蘭就結合在一起,但愛爾蘭的民族主義並沒有因合併而消失,反倒是不斷地透過政治競爭與社會運動不斷地訴求其統一愛爾蘭的願望,一九二一年英愛條約簽訂之後,多數的愛爾蘭人獲得滿足,但是留在北愛爾蘭的天主教徒則繼續其為完成的革命,希望能脫離英國而與愛爾蘭共和國合併。多年來的動亂在一九八五年英愛協議簽訂後,和平有了一線曙光,一九九八年貝爾發斯特協議通過後,正式確定了北愛爾蘭問題能和平解決。
United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and almost all Political Parties in Northern Ireland sighed Belfast Agreement on 10 April 1998. It means that the conflict in Northern Ireland is ended. After the Partition of Northern Ireland and Southern, The conflict between Protestants and Catholics was still going on in Northern Ireland under British Rule. Violence emerged while the Civic Movement rose in 1960’s. The among of the death in disorder increased in 70’s
The thesis adopts “Case Study Method”. In the other words, the first step is that this thesis takes the research subject as the whole, then describe and analysis it particularly to reflect the background and the connection and real condition of its internal units and dimensions. Secondly, it studies the conflict in Northern Ireland by social conflict theory and tries to find out the possible path to solution. This thesis stressed on Mr. Dahrendorf’s theory, especially the subject of the people who dominate and who are dominated. It also stresses on several conflict subjects in the book” The Functions of Social Conflict”, wrote by Lewis A Coser.
The framework of this thesis is following: Chapter I: The Social Background of Northern Ireland and the Origin of Conflict; Chapter II: Political Conflict and Competition of Northern Ireland; Chapter III: The Structural Analysis of Conflict in Northern Ireland; Chapter IV: The Solution of Conflict in Northern Ireland. Britain and Ireland were combined after the Union Act 1800 was pass by British House of Common and Irish parliament, but Irish Nationalism was not disappeared under the Union. On the contrary, the hope for United Ireland is requested by political competition and social movements. Most Irish people satisfied with the Anglo-Irish Treaty 1921, but the other in Northern Ireland went on unsucceeded revolution. They hope to be independent from United Kingdom and united with Republic of Ireland. Anglo-Irish Agreement 1985 was sighed after so many disorder years, the possibility of peace emerged. The peaceful solution became probable because of the Belfast Agreement 1998.
緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究方法與架構 4
第三節 研究的限制 7
第一章 北愛爾蘭社會背景與衝突的起源 11
第一節 北愛爾蘭的人文及地理定位 11
第二節 英國統治愛爾蘭時期(∼一九二一)16
第三節 南北愛爾蘭的分離(一九二二∼)26
小 結 35
第二章 北愛爾蘭政治衝突與競爭 37
第一節 競爭性政黨的發展 38
第二節 兩大民兵組織與暴力活動 52
第三節 政黨在各層級選舉的競爭 56
小 結 66
第三章 北愛爾蘭衝突的結構分析 67
第一節 結構性差異 68
第二節 衝突的政治面 90
第三節 衝突的經濟面 98
小 結 103
第四章 北愛爾蘭衝突的解決 105
第一節 北愛爾蘭社會的結構性轉變 106
第二節 貝爾發斯特協議的簽署 118
第三節 新北愛爾蘭自治政府 128
結論 135
【參考書目】 145
【附錄一】一九八五年英愛協議(希爾斯堡協議)153
【附錄二】唐寧街宣言 158
【附錄三】架構文件 161
【附錄四】米契爾報告 176
【附錄五】貝爾發斯特協議 182
【附錄六】新芬黨初期三位領袖葛瑞菲斯﹑柯林斯及瓦列拉201
【附錄七】一九七一年倫敦德里街頭暴動 202
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【中文書籍】
Coser, Lewis A. 原著,孫立平 等譯,《社會衝突的功能(The Functions of Social Conflict)》,(台北:桂冠,一九九四年四月)。
Dahl, Robert A. 原著,張明貴 譯,《多元政治:參與和反對(Polyarchy: Participation & Opposition)》,(台北:唐山,一九八九年十二月)。
Giddens, Anthony 原著,鄭武國 譯,《第三條路:社會民主的更新(The Third Way: The Renewal Social Democracy)》,(台北:聯經,一九九九年四月)。
Gurr, Ted Robert, and Harff, Barbara 原著,鄭又平﹑王賀白﹑藍於琛 譯,《國際政治中的族群衝突(Ethnic Conflict in World Politics)》,(台北:韋伯文化事業,一九九九年五月)。
Hodsbawn, Eric J. 原著,李金梅 譯,《民族與民族主義(Nation and Nationalism Since 1780)》,(台北:麥田,一九九九年十一月)。
Newcombe, D. G. 原著,黃煜文 譯,《亨利八世與英國宗教改革(Henry VIII and the English Reformation)》,(台北:城邦出版﹑麥田發行,一九九九年)。
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 原著,何兆武 譯,《社會契約論(The Social Contract)》,(台北:唐山,一九八七年三月)。
Scott, Gini G. 原著,范見星 譯,《如何解決衝突(Resolving Conflict)》,(台北:桂冠,一九九八年九月)。
大前研一 原著,李宛蓉 譯,《民族國家的終結:區域經濟的興起》,(台北:立緒文化,一九九六年二月)。
于 可,《世界三大宗教》,(長沙:湖南出版社,一九八八年五月)。
犬養道子 原著,趙廉軍 譯,《世界的明天:和解共存的未來》,(台北:錦繡,一九九五年二月)。
內政部,《宗教簡介》,(台北:內政部,一九九一年七月)。
吳文程,《政黨與選舉概論》,(台北:五南,一九九八年十一月)。
施正鋒,《族群與民族主義:集體認同的政治分析》,(台北:前衛,一九九八年七月)。
許介鱗,《英國史綱》,(台北:三民,一九八八年九月)。
黃琛瑜,《歐洲聯盟:跨世紀政治工程》,(台北:五南,一九九九年三月)。
黃鴻釗﹑潘興明,《英國簡史》,(台北:書林,一九九六年七月)。
應 奇,《社群主義》,(台北:揚智,一九九九年十一月)。
【中文期刊】
Dahl, Robert A. 原著,張明貴 譯,〈多元政治與民主化〉,《中山社會科學譯粹》,(一九八八年十月),第三卷第四期,頁九十一至一0一。
Deane, Seamus 原著,盧莉茹 譯,〈喬埃斯與民族主義〉,《中外文學》,(一九九五年四月)第二十三卷第十一期,頁九十四至一一一。
王北固,〈北愛和平協定的政治與宗教背景〉,《關愛與服務》,(一九九八年五月)五月號,,頁六至七。
江宜樺,〈社群主義與國家認同觀〉,《政治科學論叢》,(一九九七年六月)第八期,,頁八十五至一一0。
林玉珍,〈喬依斯﹑葉慈﹑以及愛爾蘭問題〉,《中外文學》,(一九九三年),第二十一卷第十一期,頁一一八至一四四。
南方朔,〈北愛和平協議創造文明史上在一次驚奇〉,《新新聞》,(一九九八年五月三十一日),第五百八十六期。
周惠民,〈殖民主義與民族主義之互動:以愛爾蘭﹑朝鮮半島及台灣地區為基礎之比較〉,《政大歷史學報》,(一九九四年一月),第十一期,頁一八九至二0二。
翁瑞廷,〈荷蘭政治中的宗教因素〉,《問題與研究》,第二十一卷第七期,一九八一年四月,頁八十五至九十五。
陳坤森,〈比利時聯合政府之研究:社會分歧與多黨競爭〉,《問題與研究》,(一九九六年一月),第三十五卷第一期,頁八十七至九十八。
陳寶瑜,〈英國北愛爾蘭問題研析〉,《問題與研究》,(一九七五年七月),第十四卷第十期,頁五十八至六十一。
黃偉峰,〈北愛爾蘭政教衝突及其和解途徑〉,《歷史月刊》,(一九九八年十月),第一二九期,頁三十四至四0。
楊肅獻,〈悲情國度:北愛爾蘭問題探源〉,《歷史月刊》,(一九九五年一月),第八十四期,頁九十二至一五0。
趙永茂,〈地方分權理論之建構與爭議〉,《政治科學論叢》,一九九一年十二月,頁一五五至一八一。
蔡英文,認同與政治:一種理論性之反省,《政治社會科學論叢》,第八期,(一九九七年六月),頁五十三至八十三。
〈多元與統一:多元主義與自由主義的一項政治議題〉,《人文及社會科學集刊》,(一九九七年九月),第九卷第三期,頁四十五至八十四。
劉惠林,〈北愛爾蘭動亂的歷史背景與民族主義的抬頭(上)〉,《東方雜誌》,(一九七四年十一月),第八卷第五期,頁四十一至四十九。
〈北愛爾蘭動亂的歷史背景與民族主義的抬頭(下)〉,《東方雜誌》,(一九七四年十二月),第八卷第六期,頁四十三至四十八。
【中文報紙】
王國璋,〈北愛爾蘭宗教流血衝突的由來〉,《中央日報》,一九九三年十一月六日至八日。
許志嘉,〈北愛三贏:化解八百年恩仇〉,《中央日報》,一九九八年四月十二日。
【網路資料】
北愛爾蘭辦公室http://www.nio.gov.uk/。
北愛爾蘭自治政府http://www.nics.gov.uk/。
北愛爾蘭議會http://www.ni-assembly.gov.uk/。
愛爾蘭時報專題研究http://www.ireland.com/special/peace/index.htm。
北愛爾蘭衝突線上檔案http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/。
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