臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於九零年代末期以降經濟環境不景氣，轉型戰略和企業績效之間的關係已經一直被關注幾十年了。在本研究中，我們運用微笑曲線的角度來探討企業如何執行成功的轉型策略。此項研究的重點研究問題為：企業是應該要將策略途徑從生產和製造轉往R＆D（微笑曲線上游）發展，或者應往市場營銷（微笑曲線下游）轉型，才能帶來更好的公司績效。另，轉型策略途徑同時移往微笑曲線兩端發展，又會有怎樣的效果？本研就大量樣本之數據來源為TEJ（台灣經濟日報）資料庫，並採取樣本介於2000年到2014年的調查期間，以及採用56家台灣紡織行業的上市上櫃公司。研究發現：（1）公司的轉型途徑從生產和製造策略轉往R＆D（沿微笑曲線向上移動），或者從生產和製造轉往到市場營銷（沿微笑曲線向下移動）不會導致公司的更好的性能。 （2）從生產和製造同時轉往微笑曲線兩端發展，可以緩解該公司個別沿著微笑曲線兩測途徑的負面影響。依據本研究結果，可以討論出，一公司在公司誕生階段的策略地位是至關重要的，另，一公司研發和銷售的轉型改變可能會需要更多的時間，才能表現出績效成長的效果。

The relationship between transformation strategies and firms’ performance has been concerned for decades. In this paper, we apply the Smiling Curve perspective to investigate how a firm’s strategic transformation can be successful. The research questions of this study focus on whether a firms’ strategic move from production & manufacturing to R&D (the upward of the Smiling Curve), or to Marketing (the downward of the Smiling Curve) can lead to better performance, and what the impact of the effect of strategic move to either or both ends of the smiling curve is. Employing the data from TEJ (Taiwan Economic Journal) Databank and using 56 firms of textile industry in Taiwan during the investigation period of 2000 and 2014, we found that (1) a firm’s strategic move from production & manufacturing to R&D (upward move along the smiling curve) or from production & manufacturing to marketing (downward move along the smiling curve) will not lead to better performance of the firm. (2) a move from production & manufacturing to both sides of smiling curve simultaneously can ease the negative effects of the firm’s strategic move of either side along the smiling curve. The research findings can provide implications that a firm’s strategic position at the firm’s birth stage is critical and that transformation of a firm may take more time to realize the strategic benefits from R&D and marketing.

Chapter I Introduction
1.1 Background ……..……………………................…………………..1
1.2 Research Purpose …..………………………...........………………..5
1.3 Problem Formulation …....…………................…...……………..6
Chapter II Literature Review
2.1 Organization Transformation ….……………………...............…9
2.2 Smiling curve …..............……….………………………………....19
Chapter III Hypotheses Development 25
Chapter IV Reaearch Methodology
4.1 Data and Sample ...…………………………….…………………....31
4.2 Measurement ............…………….…………………...................33
Chapter V Result
5.1 Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients analysis…..39
5.2 Panel regression analysis.…….………………….......................42
5.3 Hypothesis test ...................................................................46
Chapter VI Discussion 51
Chapter VII Conclusion 59
References .......………………………….………………………...……..65
Chinese References ......…………………..………...........................73

1. Adams, J. D. (1984). Transforming work: A collection of organizational transformation. Alexandria, VA.
2. Allen, T. J. (1977). Managing the flow of technology transfer and the dissemination of technological information within the R&D organization.
3. Fletcher, B. R. (1990). Organization transformation theorists and practitioners: Profiles and themes. Greenwood Publishing Group.
4. Bae, S. C., Park, B. J., & Wang, X. (2008). Multinationality, R&D intensity, and firm performance: evidence from US manufacturing firms. Multinational Business Review, 16(1), 53-78.
5. Bibeault, D. B. (1982). How managers turn losers into winners. Boston, MA.
6. Belderbos, R., Carree, M., & Lokshin, B. (2004). Cooperative R&D and firm performance. Research policy, 33(10), 1477-1492.
7. Chiao, Y. C., Yang, K. P., & Yu, C. M. J. (2006). Performance, internationalization, and firm-specific advantages of SMEs in a newly-industrialized economy. Small Business Economics, 26(5), 475-492.
8. Cohen, W. M., Levin, R. C., & Mowery, D. C. (1987). Firm size and R&D intensity: A re-examination.
9. Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1989). Innovation and learning: the two faces of R & D. The economic journal, 569-596.
10. Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative science quarterly, 128-152.
11. Caves, R. E. (1996). Multinational enterprise and economic analysis. Cambridge university press.
12. Deng, X. (2012). Study on the Smiling Curve of Zhejiang Private Manufacturing’s Upgrading – Approaches Based on Inverse Perspective. Economic Forum, (10), 22-44.
13. Delios, A., & Beamish, P. W. (1999). Geographic scope, product diversification, and the corporate performance of Japanese firms. Strategic Management Journal, 20(8), 711-727.
14. Delios, A., & Beamish, P. W. (2001). Survival and profitability: The roles of experience and intangible assets in foreign subsidiary performance. Academy of Management journal, 44(5), 1028-1038.
15. Daniels, J. D., & Bracker, J. (1989). Profit performance: do foreign operations make a difference?. Management International Review, 46-56.
16. Grant, R. M. (1987). Multinationality and performance among British manufacturing companies. Journal of International Business Studies, 79-89.
17. Grant, R. M., Jammine, A. P., & Thomas, H. (1988). Diversity, diversification, and profitability among British manufacturing companies, 1972–1984. Academy of Management Journal, 31(4), 771-801.
18. Geringer, J. M., Tallman, S., & Olsen, D. M. (2000). Product and international diversification among Japanese multinational firms. Strategic Management Journal, 21(1), 51-80.
19. Gomes, L., & Ramaswamy, K. (1999). An empirical examination of the form of the relationship between multinationality and performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 173-187.
20. Hitt, M., R. E. Hoskisson and R. D. (1994). A Midrange Theory of the Interactive Effects of International and Product Diversification on Innovation and Performance. Journal of Management, 20(2), 297–326.
21. Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R. E., & Kim, H. (1997). International diversification: Effects on innovation and firm performance in product-diversified firms. Academy of Management journal, 40(4), 767-798.
22. Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1984). Structural inertia and organizational change. American sociological review, 149-164.
23. Horst, T. (1972). Firm and industry determinants of the decision to invest abroad: An empirical study. The review of economics and statistics, 258-266.
24. Hongfei, J., Weilin, X., & Wei, Z. (2008). On" Seven-inch of Industry Chain", Self-innovation and the Textile Industry Upgrading. Contemporary Economy & Management, 7, 013.
25. Kotabe, M., S. S. Srinivasan and P. S. (2002). Multinationality and Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of R&D and Marketing Capabilities, Journal of International, Business Studies, 33(1), 79–97.
26. Kelly, D., & Amburgey, T. L. (1991). Organizational inertia and momentum: A dynamic model of strategic change. Academy of management journal, 34(3), 591-612.
27. Kim, W. C., Hwang, P., & Burgers, W. P. (1989). Global diversification strategy and corporate profit performance. Strategic management journal, 10(1), 45-57.
28. Jakobsen, (2013). Time-Series Cross-Section Analysis. Popular Social Science. Retrieved January 6, 2016, from: http://www.popularsocialscience.com/2013/07/30/time-series-cross-section-analysis/
29. Li, L. (2015, July 22). Makalot predicts double-digit growth. Taipei Times. Retrieved from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2015/07/22/2003623585wang2006
30. Luan, C. J., Tien, C., & Chi, Y. C. (2013). Downsizing to the wrong size? A study of the impact of downsizing on firm performance during an economic downturn. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(7), 1519-1535.
31. McKeown, I., & Philip, G. (2003). Business transformation, information technology and competitive strategies: learning to fly. International Journal of Information Management, 23(1), 3-24.
32. Mudambi, R. (2008). Location, control and innovation in knowledge-intensive industries. Journal of economic Geography, lbn024.
33. Mowery, D. C. (1983). The relationship between intrafirm and contractual forms of industrial research in American manufacturing, 1900–1940. Explorations in Economic History, 20(4), 351-374.
34. Munro, H., & Noori, H. (1988). Measuring commitment to new manufacturing technology: integrating technological push and marketing pull concepts. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 35(2), 63-70.
35. Owen, H. (1987). Spirit: Transformation and development in organizations. Abbott Pub.
36. Penman, S. H. (1991). Journal of Accounting, Auditing.
37. Robins, J., & Wiersema, M. (1995). A resource-based approach to the multibusiness firm. Strategic Management Journal, 16(4), 277-299.
38. Shih, S. (1996). Reengineering acer (Tsai Tsao Hung Chi). Taipei: Commonwealth Publishing Co., Ltd.
39. Shih, S. (2004a). Millennium transformation: Change management for new acer (Hung Chi Te Shih Chi Pien Ko). Taipei: Commonwealth Publishing Co., Ltd.
40. Shih, S. (2004b). Reengineering acer (Tsai Tsao Hung Chi). Taipei: Commonwealth Publishing Co., Ltd.
41. Shih, S. (2012). Smile and beat your own path (Wei Hsaio Tsou Chu Tzu Chi Te Lu). Taipei: Commonwealth Publishing Co., Ltd.
42. Shin, N., Kraemer, K. L., & Dedrick, J. (2012). Value capture in the global electronics industry: Empirical evidence for the ‘smiling curve’ concept. Industry and Innovation, 19(2), 89–107.
43. Skibbins, G. J. (1974). Organizational evolution.
44. Scherer, F. M. (1980). Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance. 2 Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
45. Tilton, J. E. (1971). International diffusion of technology: The case of semiconductors (Vol. 4). Brookings Institution Press.
46. Tallman, S., & Li, J. (1996). Effects of international diversity and product diversity on the performance of multinational firms. Academy of Management journal, 39(1), 179-196.
47. Vollmann, T. E. (1996). The transformation imperative: achieving market dominance through radical change. Harvard Business Press.
48. Vaill, P. B. (1984). Commentary On Terry Connolly's" Choice" Metaphor. Journal of Management Education, 9(1), 11-12.
49. Wang, Q., & Cheng, D. (2014). Should China's Manufacturing Industry Transition Towards Both Ends of the. China Economist, (1), 22-31.
50. Wan, C. C. (1998). International diversification, industrial diversification and firm performance of Hong Kong MNCs. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 15(2), 205-217.
51. Wen, H., & Zhang, S. (2009). “Study on the Effect of Value Chain’s Market Structure to Value Distribution - A Case Study on Solar PV Battery Value Chain.” China Industrial Economics, (5), 150-160.
52. Yang, T., He, M., & Zhang, A. (2010). Analysis of the restrictive elements of China’s textile industry in upgrading based on ‘Value Chain’. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(6), 142–145.
53. Long, Z. (2009). Dilemma of Acer’s Smiling Curve. Contemporary Manager, (6), 30-36.
54. Yang, L., & Zeng, F. (2009). The Competition Strategy of China’s Manufacturing Industry and Its Evolution from the Perspective of Smiling Curve. Science & Technology Process and Policy, (8), 59-62.
55. Zhuang, H., & Jiang, Z. (2010). Manufacturing Industry Upgrading: Do Not Put the Smiling Curve into a Dumbbell Structure. Northern Economy, (6), 38-39.
1. 賴一江 (2003) 。傳統產業轉型之研究 - 以C公司為例。義守大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。
2. 王佑文 (2006)。服飾業廠商轉型升級策略研究-以聚陽實業為例。銘傳大學管理研究所碩士論文。
3. 張榮豐 (2005) 。2015年全球經濟展望──全球經濟再平衡下，臺灣面臨的挑戰與契機。經濟前瞻，157。
4. 王享元（2002）。企業學習能力對企業轉型升級策略選擇的影響------以鴻海與神通為例。碩士學程 (EMBA) 學位論文，1-174。
5. 謝碧枝. (2001)。 企業轉型中的多角化策瓺選擇─ 以食品業為例。6。
6. 蔡明翰 (2002)。公司轉型性質與宣告階段對股價之影響。1。
7. 鄭榮郎 (2002)。系統整合經營策略模式之研究。國立中山大學企業管理學系研究所碩士論文。
8. 陳明璋 (1994)。臺灣中小企業發展論文集 (Vol. 5)。聯經出版事業公司。
9. 陳明璋 (1995)。企業轉型的經營策略與做法，扭轉乾坤-台灣企業突破變局的成功實例。13-14。
10. 王彩雲 (2006)。數位時代下平面媒體轉型之策略模式研究. 政治大學經營管理碩士學程 (EMBA) 學位論文，1-160。
11. 唐清泉 (2011)。企业 R&D 创新投入的风险与有效性研究: 我国企业转型升级的内在机制。中山大学出版社。
12. 張滄漢 (2001)。台灣紡織業因應全球紡織品貿易自由化之經營策略研究。
13. 張至毅 (2014)。衰退企業CEO雙重性與反轉成功有效性研究。國立東華大學國際企業學系碩士論文，45-46。
14. 謝依霖(2016)。紡織產業，TEJ 信用風險評估專刊，48-59。