臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

行動管理的研究者多假設所有的行動設備使用者的移動方式都是獨立的。換言之，在過去的研究中對於環境中的使用者模型大部分都沒有考慮到群體移動的模式。但是在大眾交通運輸工具逐漸普及以及高速鐵路的建設成形，便帶來了許多相關的討論。所有的討論之中我們特別注意到超高速移動以及群體移動這兩項主題。然而關於這兩項主題相互關係的研究仍然相當缺乏。因此本研究主題將針對在超高速移動環境下的群體移動之行動管理來做探討。而這樣的環境主要討論的就是時速300公里以上的高速鐵路的場景。

這份研究包含了三個層面，分別是：位置管理(Location Management)、封包傳送(Packet Delivery)以及Cellular IP環境下的Semi-soft Handoff。同時我們也建立了三個不同的模型來做討論，分別是Single Link下使用一般基地台、 Single Link下使用一般基地台但是這些基地台特別規劃給高速鐵路使用以及Two-link 下的列車上基地台佈建，我們分別針對這些環境提出了解決方案。

首先在位置管理方面，我們設計了一個稱做Paging Cache的模組，這個模組可以有效提升傳呼(paging)的準確度(hit ratio)。同時也設計一個稱做Auto-update的相對應Location update機制。接著我們在Mobile IP中建立一個獨立的流程—Pre-register，這個流程可以有效的減少行動裝置更換管理區域時的封包遺失量。另外在Cellular IP上也在Transport proxy上設計一個可以增進封包傳輸穩定度表現的裝置。最後針對Semi-soft Handoff這個換手機設計了一個Device Delay Remover來解決封包因為前後節點的傳輸路徑長短不同所造成的封包遺失或是重複接收問題。

總而言之，本研究解決了一些在高速移動環境中行動管理上的問題，同時在最後特別建議利用Two-link 下的列車上基地台佈建來作為解決方案。

Researchers of mobility management have often assumed that all mobile users are moving independently. In other words, mobile users are no correlation between each other. But after the mass transportation vehicles become faster and more popular, it brings several issues. What we pay attention to are very high mobility (VHM) and group moving. However, research which has empirically documented the link between these is scant. Therefore, the aim of this thesis attempts to explore how mobility management works in very high mobility communications (VHMC) and mass transportations are related. This scenario is major discussion in high speed train witch faster than 300km/hr.

This research involved three cases - Location Management, Packet Delivery, and Semi-soft Handoff in Cellular IP. We build three different system models to discuss. These three models are Single Link Standard Public UMTS Base Station (General Base Station), Single Link Standard Public UMTS Base Station with Specific Establishment, and Two-link Train Base Station. We bring up several modules for solving the problems what happen in these cases.

First, in Location Management, we design a Paging Cache for raise location discovery hit ratio, and also improve the location update flow to cooperate to Paging Cache. Second, we include a procedure witch is called Pre-register in Mobile IP. It will reduce packet loss while UE moving from the old BS to the new BS. We also design a scheduler in transport proxy to advance the packet delivery performance in Cellular IP. At last, we design a Device Delay Remover to solve the packet losses and duplications caused by device delay witch happen in Cellular IP semi-soft handoff.

To conclude, this research may be of importance in solving several mobility management problems, and bring up a better solution - Two-link Train Base Station.

摘要……………………………………………………………………………………….…I
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………....III
目錄………………………………………………………………………………………...V
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………………VII
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………………..IX
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………………………..1
1-1 超高速移動環境特徵……………………………………………………………1
1-2 系統佈局模型……………………………………………………………………3
1-2-1 一維模型………………………………………………………………3
1-2-2 二維模型………………………………………………………………4
1-3 相關研究…………………………………………………………………………4
1-4 論文內容…………………………………………………………………………7
1-4-1 超高速移動環境下的位置管理………………………………………7
1-4-2 超高速移動環境下的封包傳輸………………………………………8
1-4-3 超高速移動環境下Semi-soft Handoff機制………………………….9
第二章 超高速移動環境下的位置管理…………………………………………………11
2-1 簡介……………………………………………………………………..………11
2-1-1 Location Update與Paging…………………………………………...11
2-1-2 Paging Cache與Auto-update……………………………………...…13
2-1-3 Call Behavior…………………………………………………………14
2-2 一般基地台下的位置管理設計……………………..…………………………15
2-2-1 UE定位與Location Update…………………….……………………15
2-2-2 使用Paging Cache加強Location Discovery效能………..…………18
2-3 專屬基地台下的位置管理設計………………………………………..………21
2-4 Two-link架構下的位置管理設計………………………………...……………24
2-5 綜合評比………………………………………………………………..………25
2-6 討論……………………………………………………………………..………26
第三章 超高速移動環境下的封包傳輸…………………………………………………28
3-1. 簡介……………………………………………………..………………………28
3-1-1 Mobile IP與Cellular IP……………………….......…………………28
3-1-2 Mobile IP與Cellular IP內部各單元與3GPP系統各部位對應….…30
3-2. 一般基地台下的Mobile IP設計……………………………………………….32
3-3. Proxy的分類與使用……………………………………………………………39
3-4. 專屬基地台之下的Cellular IP設計……………………………………………44
3-5. Two-link環境下的Cellular IP設計……………………………....……………47
3-6. 實驗結果…………………………………………………………..……………48
3-7. 討論………………………………………………………………..……………49
第四章 超高速移動環境下Semi-soft Handoff機制…………………………………….51
4-1 簡介…………………………………………………………………..…………51
4-1-1 Semi-soft Handoff……………………………………………………51
4-1-2 換手的三種主要環境模型……………………..……………………53
4-2 Device Delay Remover設計……………………………………………………56
4-3 專屬基地台下的Semi-soft Handoff設計……………………………...………61
4-4 Two-link環境下的Semi-soft Handoff設計……………………………………63
4-5 實驗結果……………………………………………………..…………………65
4-6 討論…………………………………………………………………………..…69
第五章 結論………………………………………………………………………………70
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………..……72

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