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研究生:郭大恆
研究生(外文):Ta-Heng Kuo
論文名稱:女警擔任警勤區工作問題之研究─以臺北縣女警為例
論文名稱(外文):A case study on the Police Beat Affair Problems as Carried out by Female Police: Using Female Police Officers of the Taipei County as Objects of Study
指導教授:宋筱元宋筱元引用關係樊中原樊中原引用關係
指導教授(外文):Song Xiao-YuanFan Zhong-Yuan
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:銘傳大學
系所名稱:社會科學院國家發展與兩岸關係碩士在職專班
學門:社會及行為科學學門
學類:綜合社會及行為科學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2010
畢業學年度:98
語文別:中文
論文頁數:222
中文關鍵詞:女警女警政策警察勤務區警勤區警勤區工作內容單獨執勤一般警勤區繁雜警勤區
外文關鍵詞:heavy-duty police beatsgeneral police beatscarry out duties alonework specifics of police beatpolice beatThe Policy of Female Policefemale police
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我國「警察勤務區」(以下簡稱警勤區)制度是社區警政的一環,把社區跟警政結合在一起是時勢所趨,依2010年警政署警政統計資料顯示,2009年底警察機關人員計有68,310名,分別有25個警察局、159個分局、1,625個分駐(派出所)、19,255個警勤區,故目前世界各國中警察與人口管理最為密切者當屬我國,可見警察組織及人力是全面性的分布,意即警察是與民眾接觸、互動最頻繁的政府部門人員,同時就犯罪控制機制層面而言,也是影響民眾主觀的治安感受度最鉅者。不論從刑事司法體系中所居之地位,或是從組織編制與分布來分析,警察機關對社區治安環境具有直接且重大的影響。
以往警勤區工作均由男警擔任,並沒有女性警勤區員警,內政部警政署於2004年制定「女警政策」後,女警被指派至第一線外勤單位「警勤區」服務,女性天生體質較嬌弱,能否與男警一樣24小時輪服勤務?有否體力擔服深夜勤務?如執行巡邏、路檢、查捕逃犯等勤務,在經營警勤區工作時面對窮極惡煞之歹徒有否能力因應,能否像男警一樣接任勤區及獨自執行勤區查察工作?女警擔任警勤區工作,同時得單獨面對及處理各種突發案件,是否有能力因應種種問題?等。本研究之主要動機即在探討女警與男警同工同酬之情形下,針對女性員警在第一線外勤單位─分駐(派出)所擔任警勤區工作之意願並分析女警擔任警勤區工作所面臨之問題。
本文研究發現:
一、應有效篩選有意願從事警察工作新血:女性在無法順利錄取一般公職人員考試後,基於擔任公職轉而報考錄取率較高之警察人員特考,這種僅為求公職工作而非瞭解警察工作或有意從事警察工作的人,研究者認為可從改進目前女警招生方式著手可朝加考術科、體能測驗、性向測驗等面向之可能性,儘可能初期排除此類報考人,或經由較長時間的實務單位實習課程及建立完整實習考核稽制,讓教育與實務密切結合,達到篩選或淘汰適任(或不適任)警察工作人員之機制。
二、破除女警單獨執勤迷思:針對女警執行警勤區工作時可能面臨的各項治安狀況,設計一套標準作業程序及演練方式,強化女警執勤技能與自我防衛意識以及加強膽識訓練等作為,破除女警單獨執勤有安全顧慮之迷思,並透過教育訓練課程廣為宣傳,導正女警不願意從事外勤工作之心態
三、改善勤務制度:若因轄區狀況及警力需求需輪班服勤,儘可因地制宜調查男女警同仁輪班時段,例如調高輪班時段的週期(例如拉長日夜勤輪班時段的週期),將輪班勤務造成家庭、生理負面狀況降至最低。
四、警勤區工作繁重主因:女警擔任一般警勤區工作內容、壓力繁重情形與繁雜警勤區,其差異性並非指警勤區轄區內文書、治安事件之工作量,而是指大範圍之轄區治安狀況而言,例如「最重(或繁重)分局」所處轄區治安事件較多,即使是「一般警勤區」平時各項輪班勤務所需處理的工作量,可能比「單純分局」的「繁雜警勤區」為重。
五、不願從事警勤區工作因素:在深度訪談中受訪對象針對女警不願意擔任警勤區工作可能因素排序,其中第一名係「輪班」,第二名係「婚姻、感情、家庭因素(有子女)」,第三名並無特別明顯區分,可見女警非常在意輪班制度,並且可能因為輪班制度(上班時段無法和一般人正常上下班),導致影響婚姻(已婚、有子女者)、感情(未婚者)等家庭因素,致使成為是否擔任警勤區工作重要考量因素
Taiwan’s police beat system is part of the community police services which follow the trend of police-community integration. According to a 2010 statistics gathered by National Police Agency, there are 68,310 police who work under the 25 city (county) police departments which branch out into 159 police precincts, 1,625 local police stations covering a number of totally 19,255 police beats. This number shows the highest police - citizen interaction rate that tops the world and manifests the fact that the police institutions and efforts are evenly widespread in Taiwan, which proves that police departments’ interactions with citizens are of the highest intensity among government institutions. To look at this on the level of crime-control, the aforementioned factor is also the most acute one that affects the impression of public security on the citizen’s part. And it is true that police departments play an important role in community security whether judged from the aspect of legal system of criminal law, or from the aspect of organization and deployment.
Police beat affairs used to be carried out solely by male police and completely excluded female police before 2004. Nevertheless, after the promulgation of The Policy of Female Police in 2004, female police are now trusted with the field duty to carry out the police beat affairs as their male colleagues do. But, the physical strength of females and males are not on a par, could female perform their duty on a 24 hour rotation system as their male colleagues do? Are they able to fulfill their duties during midnights? If left alone, are they capable of confronting gangsters while on duty and performing duties like road checks, pursuing escaped convicts, and patrolling as their male colleagues do? By being consigned with police beat affairs female police are entrusted with tasks that require them to manage all kinds of unexpected incidents singlehandedly, are they capable of it. This study tries to probe he willingness the female police show for the trusted police beat affairs and the problems they encounter on the basis of equal pay for equal work scenario.
And we have found that:
1. Machinery needs to be built in order to find out the aptitudes of those applying for the jobs of police: there is a tendency for citizens who fail to secure public employment to turn to police recruitment for the sake of its easier national test. Such attempts are found in individuals with no passion for police duties, which can be spotted in early stages if there are tests designed to find out the applicant’s aptitudes, physical strengths and abilities. Another way to spot such unqualified qualities is to establish machinery to comprehensively assess the applicants through long term internship, in which curricula are incorporated with field practices so that the unqualified applicants can be spotted.
2. Dispelling the myth that female police cannot work alone: a standard operating procedure and practice needs to be established to ensure that female police can face any kind of public security situations so that female police can carry out their duties with better defense skills and mindsets. By doing this, the myth that female police cannot work alone can be dispelled. With more propaganda and educations to correct the misguiding myth, more female police may be encouraged to undertake field duties.
3. Reforming the relay system: When a rotation system is needed due to limited workforce, a longer cycle of rotation between shifts distributed between male and female is suggested. For instance, the daytime and nighttime shifts are expected to be separated as far as possible so that the impacts on health and family can be lowered to the minimum.
4. Factors that affect the workloads: The workloads a female police face in a police beat may be affected more by the overall public security situation than by the amount of paperwork or public security events. For instance, the numbers of public security incidents happen in the busiest police stations are always high, which may result in the workloads of a shift on a daily basis of police beats classified as general in such stations simply outnumber those of beats classified as heavy duty in less busy police stations.
5. Factors affecting the willingness of participation in the police beat affairs for female police: the factors affecting female police on their willingness in participating in the police beat affairs, after in-depth interview, are, following the order of cited frequency: 1. rotation system, 2. family, 3. no obvious outstanding factors. According to this survey we may find out that the rotation system tops on the priority list of female police as the factors dampen their enthusiasm in police beat affairs participation. The reason behind their reluctance may be effects the rotation system exerts on their personal lives, e.g. childcare for the married and intimacy for the premarital ones.
目次
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究背景………………………………………………………1
第二節 研究動機與目的………………………………………………3
第三節 重要名詞解釋…………………………………………………5
第四節 研究方法與流程………………………………………………9
第五節 研究範圍與限制………………………………………………11
第二章 社區警政與女警制度之發展…………………………………………17
第一節 社區警政理論與警勤區工作關聯性....................18
第二節 英美日及我國女警之發展……………………………………23
第三節 性別與女警工作職場之探討…………………………………37
第三章 女警從事警勤區工作內容………………………………………………41
第一節 警勤區工作內容………………………………………………41
第二節 警勤工作之分析…….…………………………………………48
第三節 女警從事警勤區工作環境及制度面功能……………………54
第四章 相關問卷調查與深度訪談………………………………………………59
第一節 問卷調查資料介紹……………………………………………59
第二節 問卷調查結論分析……………………………………………95
第三節 深度訪談綱要及問卷設計……………………………………111
第四節 訪談樣本抽樣及特徵簡述……………………………………114
第五節 深度訪談內容分析……………………………………………116
第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………………………127
第一節 研究發現…………………………………………………………128
第二節 研究建議…………………………………………………………133
參考書目…………………………………………………………………………137
附錄………………………………………………………………………………141
1、女警勤區成長營問卷調查……………………………………………………141
2、警察勤務條例…………………………………………………………………146
3、警察勤務區家戶訪查辦法……………………………………………………151
4、警察勤務區家戶訪查作業規定………………………………………………153
5、警察機關勤區查察處理系統作業規定………………………………………171
6、警察勤務區勤務規範…………………………………………………………180
7、治安顧慮人口查訪辦法………………………………………………………183
8、治安顧慮人口查訪作業規定…………………………………………………185
9、深度訪談紀錄重點概述A1-A7………………………………………………192
10、臺北縣政府警察局女警擔任警勤區基本資料調查表……………………206
參考文獻
壹、中文部分
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(七)邱華君,〈各國警察制度概論〉,桃園:中央警察大學,1988。
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(十)李錦明,《日本派出所之制度與勤務》,〈警學叢刊〉,第24卷4期,中央警察大學。
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(十四)朱金池,《論社區警政取向的績效管理》,中央警察大學 90年度行政警察學系學術研討會,「社區警政與警察職權法制」論文集,2001。
(十五)劉勤章,《論社區警政之實踐》,〈犯罪防治學報〉,第3期,中央警察大學。
三、學位論文
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(二)孟維德等人,〈分駐(派出)所男、女警共同服勤成效之研究〉,內政部警政署,2009。
(三)鄭揚文,〈台東縣社區警政民眾治安感受之研究〉,中央警察大學碩士論文,2006。
(四)商绣慧,〈台灣地區女警工作與角色之研究〉,國立東華大學碩士論文,2003。
(五)劉榮哲,〈女警工作壓力、社會支持與工作滿意關係之研究〉,國立高雄師範大學碩士論文,,2004。
(六)林書立,〈中日戶口查察制度之比較研究〉,國立臺北大學碩士論文,2005。
(七)盧水泉,〈基層女警執行派出所外勤工作現況之研究─以臺北市政府警察局所屬派出所為例〉,銘傳大學碩士論文,2008。
(八)洪錫進,〈我國警勤區戶口簿冊變革之研究〉,中央警察大學碩士論文,2007。
(九)李例娟,〈我國分駐(派出)所勤務編排對女警生、心理適應之研究〉,中央警察大學碩士論文,2008。
(十)連志平,〈警察人員排班問題之研究〉,國立交通大學碩士論文,1999。
(十一)楊光宗,〈警察派出所人員排班問題之研究〉,國立海洋大學碩士論文,2001。
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貳、英文部分
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