跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(216.73.216.54) 您好!臺灣時間:2026/01/12 23:52
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

我願授權國圖
: 
twitterline
研究生:魏重耀
研究生(外文):Tsung-Yao Wei
論文名稱:黃耆對單核球細胞株基因表現在不同時間點之微陣列分析
論文名稱(外文):Microarray analysis of genes expressed in THP-1 cells cultured with Radix astragali in different time courses
指導教授:陳光偉陳光偉引用關係
指導教授(外文):Guan-Wei Chen
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:中國醫藥大學
系所名稱:中西醫結合研究所
學門:醫藥衛生學門
學類:醫學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2005
畢業學年度:93
語文別:中文
論文頁數:98
中文關鍵詞:黃耆THP-1單核球細胞株基因表達時間點
外文關鍵詞:微陣列分析Radix astragalimicroarraygenes expressiontime courseSOD2
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:339
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:1
THP-1單核球細胞經黃耆處理後的基因表達,在六小時組有9個基因下調,24個上調。十二小時組有10個基因下調,29個上調。二十四小時組有13個基因下調,21個上調。
在不同時間點的三組中,二或三個時間點重複出現上調或下調的基因並不多,可知不同時間點有不同的基因群被活化上或下調,而持續或再次被上或下調的基因只發現少數幾個。其中6、12、24小時皆上調的只有1個,為superoxide dismutase2,mitochondrial (SOD2/ IPO-B),黃耆為中醫補氣藥,其提昇細胞生理功能的藥理作用可能與此有關;皆下調的1個為major histocompatibility complex ,class II,DR 3,而中醫認為黃耆可治癰疽、久敗瘡,能排膿生肌斂瘡,其抑制發炎及調節免疫反應可能與此有關。6、12小時皆上調有6個。6、24小時下調的1個。12、24小時上調的有6個,下調的3個。
有關促進肌細胞代謝、提昇能量和生理功能之基因,在6小時組已表現上調。myxovirus (influenza) resistance 2, homolog of murine 基因在12小時組表現上調,24小時仍上調。interferon induced transmembrane protein2(1-8D),interferon -inducible protein 27在24小時組才出現上調。
本研究發現,整體上看來,上調的基因明顯多於下調,這與先前研究寒性藥物相反,可見黃耆屬補益類藥物,傾向於提昇生理功能,確有基因學上的依據。
本研究將黃耆的傳統臨床療效和現代分子生物科技結合,從基因層面來探討,而結果也在免疫、心臟血管系統、細胞生理等方面和中醫理論及藥理學研究相符合。不僅發現了作用在TPH-1單核球細胞上可能的相關基因,同時也顯示黃耆具有多基因、多目標、雙向調節的作用,驗證了中藥多成份多作用的特性。需要進一步的基因間交互作用、蛋白質體學研究,動物及人體實驗,以解開從基因到生理的作用路徑,可進而提昇療效、擴大應用範圍、開發新藥,開創中醫藥新的研究方法,促成中西醫學接軌結合。
Microarray analysis of genes expressed in THP-1 cells cultured with Radix astragali in different time courses was designed in this study. The results showed changes in expressions of 24 genes up regulation and 9 genes down regulation in 6-hour group;29 genes up regulation and 10 genes down regulation in 12-hour group;21 genes up regulation and 13 genes down regulation in 24-hour group.

Our results demonstrated that only few genes were overexpressed in more than one time course. Superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondria (SOD 2/IPO-B) was the only one gene up-regulated in all 6、12、24-hour time courses and its characteristics of gene function may be meet with the traditional application of Astragali radix in Chinese medicine which was thought to be able to promote cellular function. Major histocompatility complex,class II,DR 3 was the only one gene down-regulated in all 6、12、24-hour time courses and its function of gene may be associated with the pharmaceutical effect of Astragali radix which can cure the long-term unhealing wound via acute and chronic inflammation response and immunomodulation. Besides, there were 6 genes up-regulated in both 6、12-hour groups, 1 gene down-regulated in 6、24-hour groups, 6 genes up-regulated and 3 genes down- regulated in both 12、24-hour groups noted in our study.
Our study also had revealed that myxovirus(influenza) resistance 2, homolog of murine was up-regulated in both 12 and 24-hour groups;interferon induced transmembrane protein 2 (1-8D), interferon -inducible protein 27 were up-regulated late in 24-hour group.

In general, up-regulated genes were found much more than down-regulated genes in our study. This result is in contrast with the previous study of cold nature Chinese medicines. Therefore, the fact that Astragali radix was used to be applied in promoting biochemical and biophysical function of cells in TCM, can form a basis in genomics by our study.

This study established a method to the understanding of the genetic influence of Astragali radix in different time courses. Further studies are needed to verify these results.
目 錄

目 錄--------------------------------------------------i
圖 目 錄-------------------------------------------------ii
表 目 錄-------------------------------------------------iv
辭 謝-------------------------------------------------vi
中文摘要------------------------------------------------vii
第一章 前言-----------------------------------------------1
第二章 文獻探討-------------------------------------------3
第三章 材料與方法----------------------------------------28
第四章 結果----------------------------------------------38
第五章 討論----------------------------------------------40
第六章 結論----------------------------------------------54
參考文獻-------------------------------------------------56
圖 表-------------------------------------------------65
英文摘要------------------------------------------------101
參考文獻

1.陳乃菁:以基因晶片分析中藥寒藥培養的腎細胞的基因表達,中國醫藥學院中西醫結合研究所碩士論文 2003;6:1.
2.游恆懿:以基因晶片分析經熱藥培養的腎細胞基因表達,中國醫藥學院中西醫結合研究所碩士論文 2002;6:1-2.
3.蔡文廷: DNA微陣列分析六味地黃丸和桂附八味丸培養的腎細胞株基因表達之不同,中國醫藥學院中西醫結合研究所碩士論文 2001;6:1-2.
4.張偉榮,張慶彝:略論體質病理學的基因研究。中國中醫基礎學雜誌2002;8(2):23-24.
5.楊維傑 : 中醫學概論,志遠書局,台北 1994 ;pp.403-426.
6.馬建中 : 中醫診斷學,國立編譯館,台北 1994 ;pp.133-144.
7.惲子愉:內經素問真相之探討,台北2000;pp42.
8.王忠,王階,王永炎:後基因組時代中醫証候組學研究的思考。中國中西醫結合雜誌2001;8(21):621-623.
9.王琦:中醫體質學說研究現狀與展望。中國中醫基礎醫學雜誌 2002;8(2):6-7.
10.王保寧,寧磊:人類基因組計畫與人類疾病動物模型—跨世紀實驗動物模型的展望。青海醫藥雜誌2000;30(9):64-66.
11.顏正華:中藥學(上),知音出版社,台北1994;p37-46.
12.葉慧昌等中國醫藥學院醫師群:中藥匯通,大春中醫雜誌社1995;p201-203.
13.匡調元:中醫病理研究,上海科技出版社,1980;66.
14.王琦,盛增秀:中醫體質學說研究現狀與展望,南京:江蘇科技出版社,1982;297.
15.母國成:中醫體質學說及其異化。新中醫,1983;(9):9 .
16.田代華:論體質與證候。山東中醫學院學報,1983;7(1):6.
17.丰田一:漢方一貫堂中解毒証體質按年齡選用方劑的變遷。國外醫學,中醫中藥分冊,1998;(1):8.
18.孫理軍:論內經體質理論與免疫學的關係。陝西中醫學院學報 2001; 24(1):7-8.
19.王洪圖:黃帝內經研究大成(下),北京,北京出版社,1997;2135.
20.劉良倚:中醫體質學說的研究現狀。江西中醫藥2000;31(3):56-57.
21.許健陽,劉志誠,宋開源:擇時電針不同體質大鼠創傷痛誘導的腎上腺Fos/Jun蛋白表達的比較研究。時間醫學1999;4(1):20
22.許健陽,沈梅紅,劉志誠:擇時電針陽虛、陰虛大鼠創傷痛其下丘腦Fos蛋白表達的研究。江蘇中醫1998;24(增刊):601.
23.許健陽,王海燕,崔云龍:擇時電針不同體質大鼠創傷痛痢閥及下丘腦PENK mRNA表達的比較研究。全國時間生物學會議,濟南,2001.
24.張永賢:從自律神經功能探討中醫體質之研究,台灣中國醫藥學院
25.楊維傑:中醫學概論,志遠書局,台北 1994;P412-420.
26.馬建中:中醫診斷學,國立編譯館,台北 1984;P146.
27.印會河,張伯納:中醫基礎理論,知音出版社,台北1997;P260-264.
28.李良,周以健,溫祥云:用免疫組織化學方法觀察寒證及溫熱藥後大鼠垂體激素細胞的變化。首都醫學院學報 1995; 16(1):7-10.
29.富宏,彭先忠,蔡添浩:寒熱証患者紅細胞膜乙醯膽鹼脂活性測定,中國中西醫結合雜誌,1995;15(6):351-352.
30.富宏,彭先忠,蔡添浩:中醫寒熱不同証型的植物神經機能狀態的探討,北京醫科大學學報,1996;28(2):152-153.
31.謝竹藩,唐子進,馬珩:從尿中兒茶酚胺及cAMP、cGMP的排出量探討中醫寒証、熱証的本質,中國中西醫結合雜誌,1986;6(1):651-654.
32.林睿珊:黃耆對門脈高血壓大鼠血液動力效應之研究。中國醫藥學院中國醫學研究所碩士論文 2001;6: 22-24.
33 清.孫星衍、孫馮翼輯:神農本草經,自由出版社,1988;45、65、69、81、87、99、156、160、169、209、213、223、227.
34.顏正華:中藥學(下),知音出版社,台北1998;p744-50.
35.馬繼興 主編 :神農本草經。人民衛生出版社 ,北京 1995 ,pp247-78
36.鄒潤安 :本經疏證,旋風出版社 , 台北 1969 ,pp67-71.
37.姚瀾 :本草分經。上海科學技術出版社,上海 1985 ,pp70-71﹒
38.林慧光 主編 :陳修園醫學全書。中國中醫藥出版社,北京 1999,p774.
39.張民慶、王興華、劉華東 主編:張璐醫學全書。中國中醫藥出版社,1999,pp800﹒
40.劉洋 主編:徐靈胎醫學全書。中國中醫藥出版社,北京 1999 ,pp61﹒
41.季旭明、王偉慶、劉琳:黃耆功效研究簡述。山東中醫藥大學學報,1998;22(3):224-26.
42.賴榮祥:各種黃耆及其相關藥製劑之應用。生藥資訊 The bulletin of society of pharmacognosy. ROC. P. 25-33. April. Vol 4,1996.
43.黃瑞東:黃耆成分及藥理作用。生藥資訊 The bulletin of society of Pharmacognosy ROC. P. 34-44. April. Vol 4, 1996.
44.鄭均洹:內填黃耆皂苷矽膠管對截斷大鼠坐骨神經再生之研究。 中國醫藥學院中西醫結合研究所碩士論文 2003;6 :28-41.
45.張永勳:黃耆類藥材之生藥學考察及其炮炙種類與過程演講稿。中國醫藥學院中國藥學研究所 2001? P39-45.
46.張永勳:黃耆類藥材之藥理學考察演講稿。中國醫藥學院中國藥學研究所 2001? P64-72.
47.中華人民共和國衛生部藥典委員會:中華人民共和國藥典1995年版(一部),廣東科技出版社,1995;27、31、40、41、50、58、90、92、96、125、169、201、214、266、271、297、314、327、330.
48.徐國鈞、徐珞珊:常用中藥材品種整理和質量研究(第二冊),福建科學技術出版社,1998;175-181.
49.童承福:台灣市售易誤用、混用中藥品種之現況。中國醫藥學院中國醫藥研究所 中國醫藥學院附設醫院藥劑部 2004;
50.蔡永敬、任玉識、王黎等 :最新中藥藥理與臨床應用 。華夏出版社,北京 1998,pp429-32.
51.李儀奎、姜名瑛 主編:中藥藥理學。中國中醫藥出版社,北京 1992,pp184-87.
52.朱伯卿 、戴瑞鴻 、沈筱同等 :黃耆注射液對心臟正性肌力作用的研究,上海中醫藥雜誌 1987;1:47-48.
53.宋代軍、顧德官、茅守玉等 :黃耆對自發性高年壓大鼠的作用,中草藥 1989;20(8):25-27.
54.李先榮、康永、程霞等:注射用黃耆多糖藥理作用的研究,中成藥
55.張銀娣、王幼林、沈健平等: 黃耆皂甘甲的抗炎和降壓作用。藥學學報 1984;19(5):333-37﹒
56.黃喬書、呂歸寶、李雅臣等:黃耆多糖的研究。藥學學報 1982;17(3):200-6﹒
57.周宏灝、鄔文健、郭兆貴:黃耆對麻醉犬的血管作用。藥學通報 1981;16(4):52﹒
58.郭兆貴、許樹梧、賈宏鈞等: 黃耆的外周擴血管作用及與-氨酪
酸的比較。中醫雜誌 1980;5:73-76.
59.薛全福、戴順齡、吳云清等: 川芎、黃耆對金黃地鼠頰囊微循環的作用,中華醫學雜誌 1986;66(7):409-12﹒
60.張銀娣、沈健平、朱樹華等 :黃耆皂甘抗實驗性肝損傷作用,藥學學報 1992;27(6):401-06﹒
61.吳炎、田怡、陳建文:黃耆注射液對肝硬化患者肝功能的影響。中國中西醫結合雜誌 1999;19(6):363-64﹒
62.韓旭、王家驥、范聖凱:黃耆注射液藥理研究。北京中醫 2000;1:
44-45﹒
63.Bains W, Smith GC : A Novel Method for Nucleic Acid Determilation. J theor Biol. 1988 ; 135: 303-307.
64. Fodor SPA, Read JL, Pirrung MC, Stryer L, Lu AT, Solas D: Light-Directed, Spatially Addressable Parallel Chemical synthesis. Science 1991; 251: 767-773.
65. Fodor SPA, Rava RP, Huang XC, Pease AC, Holmes CP, Adam CL: Multiplexed biochemical assays with biological chips. Nature 1993; 364:555-556.
66. Hacia JG: Resequencing and mutational analysis using oligonucleotide microarrays. Nature genet (suppl) 1999;21:42-47.
67. Fodor SPA: Massively parallel genomics, Science 1997; 277:393-394.
68. Marshall A, Hodgson J: DNA chips: An array of possibilities. Nat Biotechnol. 1998; 16(1):27-31.
69.Schena M, Shalon D, Heller R, Chai A, Brown PO, Davis RW. : Parallel human genome analysis: microarray-based expression monitoring of 1000 genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996; 93: 10614-10619.
70. Shalon D, Smith SJ, Brown PO: A DNA microarray system for analyzing complex DNA samples using tow-color fluorescent probe hybridization. Genome Res. 1996; 6: 639-645
71.張浩,毛秉智,張軍權,陳肖華,董波 : 用cDNA微陣列研究輻射損傷小老鼠骨髓細胞基因表達。微生物免疫學進展 2001; 29(3): 6-9.
72.馬健,李桂源 : 微陣列技術使腫瘤研究進入數字時代。國外醫學生理病理科學與臨床分冊 2001; 21(4): 248-250.
73. Scherf U, Ross DT, Waltham M, Smith LH, Lee JK, Tanabe L, et al: A gene expression database for the molecular pharmacology of cancer. Nature Genet. 2000; 24: 236-244.
74. Eisen MB, Spellman PT, Brown PO, Botstein D: Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998; 95: 14863-14868.
75. DeRisi JL, Lyer VR, Brown PO: Exploring the metabolic and genetic control of gene expression on a genomic scale. Science 1997; 278: 680-686.
76. Hacia JG, Brody LC, Chee MS, Foder SPA, Collins FS: Detection of heterozygous mutations in BRCA1 using high density oligonucleotide arrays and tow-color fluorescence analysis. Nature genet. 1996; 14: 441-447.
77.林慶鐘:大蒜成份DADS對大腸癌細胞株基因表現之微陣列分析,中國醫藥學院中西醫結合研究所碩士論文 2003;5:10-14.
78.吳國海:中醫藥基因體研究與微陣列及基因素現分析技術,國科會基因體醫學國家型科技計畫微陣列及基困體表現分析核心設備實驗室,2002;12:
79.Chen JJW, Wu R, Yan PC, Huang JY, Sher YP, Han MH, Kao WC, Lee PJ, Chiu TF, Chang F, Chu YW, Wu CW, Peck K : Profiling Expression Patterns and isolating differentially expressed genes by cDNA microarray system with colorimetry detection. Genomics 1998; 51: 313-324.
80.Beck, Y.;Oren,R.;Amit,B.;Levanon,A.; Gorecki, M.; Hartman,J.R.:Human Mn superoxide dismutase cDNA sequence. Nucleic Acids Res. 15: 9076, 1987.PubMed ID : 3684581
81.Church,S.L.; Grant,J.W.;Meese,E.U.;Trent,J.M.: Sublocalization of the gene encoding manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD/SOD2) to 6q25 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and somatic cell hybrid mapping. Genomics 14: 823-825, 1992.PubMed ID : 1427917
82. Creagan,R.; Tischfield,J.; Ricciuti,F.; Ruddle,F.H :
Chromosome assignments of genes in man using mouse-human somatic cell hybrids: mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (indophenol oxidase-B, tetrameric) to chromosome 6. Humangenetik 20: 203-209, 1973.PubMed ID : 4358964
83. Figueroa, F.; Vincek, V.; Kasahara, M.; Bell, G. I.; Klein, J.: Mapping of the Sod-2 locus into the t complex on mouse chromosome 17. Immunogenetics 28: 260-264, 1988.PubMed ID : 2901401
84.Heckl,K :Isolation of cDNAs encoding human manganese superoxide dismutase. Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 6224, 1988.
PubMed ID : 3399391
85.Hiroi, S.; Harada, H.; Nishi, H.; Satoh, M.; Nagai, R.; Kimura,A.:Polymorphisms in the SOD2 and HLA-DRB1 genes are associated with nonfamilial idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in Japanese. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 261: 332-339, 1999.PubMed ID : 10425186
86.Li, Y.; Huang, T.-T.; Carlson, E. J.; Melov, S.; Ursell, P. C.; Olson, J. L.; Noble, L. J.; Yoshimura, M. P.; Berger, C.; Chan,P.H.; Wallace,D.C.; Epstein C.J.: Dilated cardiomyopathy and neonatal lethality in mutant mice lacking manganese superoxide dismutase. Nature Genet. 11: 376-381, 1995.
87.Melov, S.; Coskun, P.; Patel, M.; Tuinstra, R.; Cottrell, B.; Jun, A. S.; Zastawny, T. H.; Dizdaroglu, M.; Goodman, S. I.; Huang, T.-T.; Miziorko, H.; Epstein, C. J.; Wallace, D C.: Mitochondrial disease in superoxide dismutase 2 mutant mice. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 96: 846-851, 1999.
88.Melov, S.; Schneider, J. A.; Day, B. J.; Hinerfeld, D.; Coskun, P.; Mirra, S. S.; Crapo, J. D.; Wallace, D. C. :
A novel neurological phenotype in mice lacking mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase. Nature Genet. 18: 159-163, 1998.
89.Michelson, A. M.; McCord, J. M.; Fridovich, I. :
Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutases. New York: Academic Press , 1977.
90.Nishi, H.; Koga, Y.; Koyanagi, T.; Harada, H.; Imaizumi, T.; Toshima, H.; Sasazuki, T.; Kimura,A.:DNA typing of HLA class II genes in Japanese patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J. Molec. Cell. Cardiol. 27: 2385-2392, 1995.
91.Nomiyama, T.; Tanaka, Y.; Piao, L.; Nagasaka, K.; Sakai, K.; Ogihara, T.; Nakajima, K.; Watada, H.; Kawamori,R.:The polymorphism of manganese superoxide dismutase is associated with diabetic nephropathy in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. J. Hum. Genet. 48: 138-141, 2003.
92.Pauling, L.:The discovery of the superoxide radical. Trends Biochem. Sci. 4(11): 270-271, 1979.
93.Qi, X.; Lewin, A. S.; Hauswirth, W. W.; Guy,J.:Optic neuropathy induced by reductions in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. Invest. Ophthal. Vis. Sci. 44: 1088-1096, 2003.
94.Qi, X.; Lewin, A. S.; Sun, L.; Hauswirth, W. W.; Guy, J. :
SOD2 gene transfer protects against optic neuropathy induced by deficiency of complex I. Ann. Neurol. 56: 182-191, 2004.
95.Rosenblum, J. S.; Gilula, N. B.; Lerner, R. A. :
On signal sequence polymorphisms and diseases of distribution. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 93: 4471-4473, 1996.
96.Valenti, L.; Conte, D.; Piperno, A.; Dongiovanni, P.; Fracanzani, A. L.; Fraquelli, M.; Vergani, A.; Gianni, C.; Carmagnola, L.; Fargion,S.:The mitochondrial superoxide dismutase A16V polymorphism in the cardiomyopathy associated with hereditary haemochromatosis. J. Med. Genet. 41: 946-950, 2004.
97.Yoshimitsu, K.; Nichi, Y.; Kobayashi, Y.; Yoshimura, O.; Ohama, K.; Oguma, N.; Usui,T.: Decreased superoxide dismutase-2 activity in a patient with ring chromosome 6. Am. J. Med. Genet. 28: 211-214, 1987.
98.Ackerman, A. D.; Fackler, J. C.; Tuck-Muller, C. M.; Tarpey, M. M.; Freeman, B. A.; Rogers, M.C.:Partial monosomy 21, diminished activity of superoxide dismutase, and pulmonary oxygen toxicity. New Eng. J. Med. 318: 1666-1669, 1988.
99.Aguirre, T.; Matthijs, G.; Robberecht, W.; Tilkin, P.; Cassiman, J.-J. : Mutational analysis of the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene in 23 familial and 69 sporadic cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Belgium. Europ. J. Hum. Genet. 7: 599-602, 1999.
100.Al-Chalabi, A.; Andersen, P. M.; Chioza, B.; Shaw, C.; Sham, P. C.; Robberecht, W.; Matthijs, G.; Camu, W.; Marklund, S. L.; Forsgren, L.; Rouleau, G.; Laing, N. G.; Hurse, P. V.; Siddique, T.; Leigh, P. N.; Powell, J. F. :Recessive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis families with the D90A SOD1 mutation share a common founder: evidence for a linked protective factor. Hum. Molec. Genet. 7: 2045-2050, 1998.
101.Alexander, M. D.; Traynor, B. J.; Miller, N.; Corr, B.; Frost, E.; McQuaid, S.; Brett, F. M.; Green, A.; Hardiman, O.: True' sporadic ALS associated with a novel SOD-1 mutation. Ann. Neurol. 52: 680-683, 2002.
102.Allen, S.; Heath, P. R.; Kirby, J.; Wharton, S. B.; Cookson, M. R.; Menzies, F. M.; Banks, R. E.; Shaw, P. J. :
Analysis of the cytosolic proteome in a cell culture model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis reveals alterations to the proteasome, antioxidant defenses, and nitric oxide synthetic pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 6371-6383, 2003.
103.Andersen, P. M.; Nilsson, P.; Ala-Hurula, V.; Keranen, M.-L.; Tarvainen, I.; Haltia, T.; Nilsson, L.; Binzer, M.; Forsgren, L.; Marklund,S L.:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with homozygosity for an asp90-to-ala mutation in CuZn-superoxide dismutase Nature Genet.10:61-66, 1995.
104.Aoki, M.; Abe, K.; Houi, K.; Ogasawara, M.; Matsubara, Y.; Kobayashi, T.; Mochio, S.; Narisawa, K.; Itoyama, Y. :
Variance of age at onset in a Japanese family with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with a novel Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mutation. Ann. Neurol. 37: 676-679, 1995.
105.Aoki, M.; Ogasawara, M.; Matsubara, Y.; Narisawa, K.; Nakamura, S.; Itoyama, Y.; Abe,K.:Mild ALS in Japan associated with novel SOD mutation. (Letter) Nature Genet. 5: 323-324, 1993.
106.Aoki, M.; Ogasawara, M.; Matsubara, Y.; Narisawa, K.; Nakamura, S.; Itoyama, Y.; Abe, K. :Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Japan associated with H46R mutation in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene: a possible new subtype of familial ALS. J. Neurol. Sci. 126: 77-83, 1994.
107.Azzouz, M.; Hottinger, A.; Paterna, J.-C.; Zurn, A. D.; Aebischer, P.; Bueler, H. :Increased motoneuron survival and improved neuromuscular function in transgenic ALS mice after intraspinal injection of an adeno-associated virus encoding Bcl-2. Hum. Molec. Genet. 9: 803-811, 2000.
108.Azzouz, M.; Ralph, G. S.; Storkebaum, E.; Walmsley, L. E.; Mitrophanous, K. A.; Kingsman, S. M.; Carmeliet, P.; Mazarakis, N. D. :VEGF delivery with retrogradely transported lentivector prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model. Nature 429: 413-417, 2004.
109.Baur, E. W.; Schorr, R. T. : Genetic polymorphism of tetrazolium oxidase in dogs. Science 166: 1524-1525, 1969.
110.Beckman, G. : Population studies in northern Sweden: polymorphism of superoxide dismutase. Hereditas 73: 305-310, 1973.
111.Beckman, G.; Holm, S. :Immunological differences between human superoxide dismutase isozymes.Hereditas 0:1-4,1975.
112.Beckman, G.; Lundgren, E.; Tarnvik, A. :Superoxide dismutase isozymes in different human tissues, their genetic control and intracellular localization. Hum. Hered. 23: 338-345, 1973.
113.Berg, K.; Beckman, G.; Beckman, L. : A search for linkage between the Ag and (dimeric) superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) loci. Birth Defects Orig. Art. Ser. XI(3): 67-70, 1975. Note: Alternate: Cytogenet.Cell Genet. 14: 237-240, 1975..
114.Borchelt, D. R.; Lee, M. K.; Slunt, H. S.; Guarnieri, M.; Xu, Z.-S.; Wong, P. C.; Brown, R. H., Jr.; Price, D. L.; Sisodia, S. S.; Cleveland,D.W.:Superoxide dismutase 1 with mutations linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis possesses significant activity. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 91: 8292-8296, 1994.
115.Brewer,G.J.:Achromatic regions of tetrazolium stained starch gels: inherited electrophoretic variation. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 19: 674-680, 1967.
116.rock,D.J.H.: Personal Communication. Edinburgh, England, 4/2/1998.
117.謝長奇:補益方劑及活性成分致癌細胞凋亡,及其對荷瘤老鼠之免疫調節作用,中國醫藥學院中國藥學研究所藥學博士論文 2002;7:137﹒
118.Ashizawa, K.; Willingham, M. C.; Liang, C.-M.; Cheng, S. :
In vivo regulation of monomer-tetramer conversion of pyruvate kinase subtype M-2 by glucose is mediated via fructose1,6-bisphosphate.J Biol Chem 266:16842-16846, 1991.
119.Petersen, M. B.; Slaugenhaupt, S. A.; Lewis, J. G.; Warren, A. C.; Chakravarti, A.; Antonarakis,S.E.:A genetic linkage map of 27 markers on human chromosome 21. Genomics 9: 407-419, 1991.
120.Tazi-Ahnini, R.; di Giovine, F. S.; McDonagh, A. J. G.; Messenger, A. G.; Amadou, C.; Cox, A.; Duff, G. W.; Cork, M. J. :Structure and polymorphism of the human gene for the interferon-induced p78 protein (MX1): evidence of association with alopecia areata in the Down syndrome region. Hum. Genet. 106: 639-645, 2000.
121.Benders, A. A. G. M.; Veerkamp, J. H.; Oosterhof, A.; Jongen, P. J. H.; Bindels, R. J. M.; Smit, L. M. E.; Busch, H. F. M.; Wevers, R. A. :Ca(2+) homeostasis in Brody's disease: a study in skeletal muscle and cultured muscle cells and the effects of dantrolene and verapamil. J. Clin. Invest. 94: 741-748, 1994.
122.Brandl, C. J.; Green, N. M.; Korczak, B.; MacLennan, D. H. :
Two Ca(2+) ATPase genes: homologies and mechanistic implications of deduced amino acid sequences. Cell 44: 597-607, 1986.
123.Ahn, W.; Lee, M. G.; Kim, K. H.; Muallem, S. : Multiple effects of SERCA2b mutations associated with Darier's disease. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 20795-20801, 2003.
124. Asahi, M.; Otsu, K.; Nakayama, H.; Hikoso, S.; Takeda, T.; Gramolini, A. O.; Trivieri, M. G.; Oudit, G. Y.; Morita, T.; Kusakari, Y.; Hirano, S.; Hongo, K.; Hirotani, S.; Yamaguchi, O.; Peterson, A.; Backx, P. H.; Kurihara, S.; Hori, M.; MacLennan, D. H. : Cardiac-specific overexpression of sarcolipin inhibits sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA2a) activity and impairs cardiac function in mice. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 101: 9199-9204, 2004.
125.Huret,J.L.;Delabar,J.M.; Marlhens,F.;Aurias,A.;
Nicole,A .;Berthier,M.;Tanzer,J.;Sinet,P.M.:Down syndrome with duplication of a region of chromosome 21 containing the CuZn superoxide dismutase gene without detectable karyotypic abnormality. Hum. Genet. 75: 251-257, 1987.
126.Wulfsberg,E.A.;Carrel,R.E.; Klisak,I.J.;O'Brien,T.J.; Sykes,J.A.;Sparkes,R.S.:Normal superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) activity with deletion of chromosome band 21q21 supports localization of SOD-1 locus to 21q22. Hum. Genet. 64:271-272,1983.
127.Hendrickson,D.J.;Fisher,J.H.;Jones,C.;Ho,Y.-S.:Regional localization of human extracellular superoxide dismutase gene to 4pter-q21. Genomics 8: 736-738, 1990.
128.Stern,L.F.;Chapman,N.H.;Wijsman,E.M.;Altherr,M.R.;Rosen,D.R.:Assignment of SOD3 to human chromosome band 4p15.3-p15.1 with somatic cell and radiation hybrid mapping, linkage mapping, and fluorescent in-situ hybridization. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 101: 178 only, 2003.
129. Sandstrom, J.; Nilsson, P.; Karlsson, K.; Marklund, S. L. :
10-fold increase in human plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase content caused by a mutation in heparin-binding domain. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 19163-19166, 1994.
130. Minc-Golomb, D.; Knobler, H.; Groner, Y. :
Gene dosage of CuZnSOD and Down's syndrome: diminished prostaglandin synthesis in human trisomy 21, transfected cells and transgenic mice. EMBO J. 10: 2119-2124, 1991.
131. Keller, G.-A.; Warner, T. G.; Steimer, K. S.; Hallewell, R.A.:Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase is a peroxisomal enzyme in human fibroblasts and hepatoma cells. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 88: 7381-7385, 1991.
132.Pardo,C.A.; Xu, Z.; Borchelt, D. R.; Price, D. L.; Sisodia, S.S.;Cleveland,D.W.:Superoxide dismutase is an abundant component in cell bodies, dendrites, and axons of motor neurons and in a subset of other neurons. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 92: 954-958, 1995.
133.Rosen, D. R.; Bowling, A. C.; Patterson, D.; Usdin, T. B.; Sapp, P.; Mezey, E.; McKenna-Yasek, D.; O'Regan, J.; Rahmani, Z.; Ferrante, R. J.; Brownstein, M. J.; Kowall, N. W.; Beal, M. F.; Horvitz, H. R.; Brown, R. H., Jr. :A frequent ala 4 to val superoxide dismutase-1 mutation is associated with a rapidly progressive familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum. Molec. Genet. 3: 981-987, 1994.
134.Olesen,C.;Sorensen,T.L.-M.; Nielsen, R. C.; Moller, J. V.; Nissen,P.:Dephosphorylation of the calcium pump coupled to counterion occlusion. Science 306: 2251-2555, 2004.
135.Brody,I.A.:Muscle contracture induced by exercise: a syndrome attributable to decreased relaxing factor. New Eng. J. Med. 281: 187-192, 1969.
136.Arahata,K.;Hayashi,Y.K.;Mizuno,Y.;Yoshida,M.;Ozawa,E.:Dystrophin-associated glycoprotein and dystrophin co-localisation at sarcolemma in Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy. (Letter) Lancet 342: 623-624, 1993.
137.Silins, G.; Grimmond, S.; Hayward,N.:Characterisation of a new human and murine member of the DnaJ family of proteins. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 243: 273-276, 1998.
138.Philibert, R. A.; Winfield, S. L.; Damschroder-Williams, P.; Tengstrom, C.; Martin, B. M.; Ginns, E.I.:The genomic structure and developmental expression patterns of the human OPA-containing gene (HOPA). Hum. Genet. 105: 174-178, 1999.
139.Friez,M.J.; Essop, F. B.; Krause, A.; Castiglia, L.; Ragusa, A.; Sossey-Alaoui, K.; Nelson, R. L.; May, M. M.; Michaelis, R. C.; Srivastava, A. K.; Schwartz, C. E.; Stevenson, R. E.; oldman, A.; Villard, L.; Longshore,J.W.:Evidence that a dodecamer duplication in the gene HOPA in Xq13 is not associated with entalretardation.Hum.Genet.106:36-39,2000.
140.Torisu, H.; Kusuhara, K.; Kira, R.; Bassuny, W. M.; Sakai, Y.; Sanefuji, M.; Takemoto, M.; Hara, T. :Functional MxA promoter polymorphism associated with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Neurology 62: 457-460, 2004.
141.Ashizawa, K.; Willingham, M. C.; Liang, C.-M.; Cheng, S. :
In vivo regulation of monomer-tetramer conversion of pyruvate kinase subtype M-2 by glucose is mediated via fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.J.Biol.Chem 266:16842-16846,1991.
142.Watanabe, T. K.; Shimizu, F.; Nagata, M.; Kawai, A.; Fujiwara,T.;Nakamura,Y.;Takahashi,E.;Hirai,Y.:Cloning, expression, and mapping of CKAP1, which encodes a putative cytoskeleton-associated protein containing a CAP-GLY domain. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 72: 208-211, 1996.
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
1. 15.黃銘傑,〈相對優勢地位濫用與公平交易法之規範〉,國立臺灣大學法學論叢,30卷5期,2001年9月
2. 14.陳琪,〈美國反托拉斯法之簡介〉,公平交易季刊,1卷4期, 82年10 月﹙1993﹚
3. 10.劉孔中,〈美國聯邦交易委員會法第五條之研究〉,人文及社會科學集刊,7卷1期,1995年3 月
4. 9.劉孔中,〈休曼法對實施獨占之規範〉,歐美研究,26卷1期,1996年3月
5. 8.廖元豪,〈美國聯邦交易委員會法第五條與其他反托拉斯法之關係─兼論我國公平交易法第二十四條之適用範圍〉,公平交易季刊,8卷4期,2000年10月
6. 7.張向昕,〈美國司法部與微軟公司之論戰〉,公平交易季刊,6卷1期,1998年1月
7. 6.林廷機,〈公平法中關不公平競爭行為,應如何適用『合理原制』或『當然違法』原則〉,輔仁法學17期,1998年
8. 2.莊春發,〈競爭概念的發展、演變與反托拉斯政策〉,公平交易季刊,6卷1期,1998年1月
9. 1.林國棟,〈廠商搭售行為的經濟分析〉,公平交易季刊,第5卷4期,1997年10月
10. 16.黃銘傑,〈公平交易委員會搭售規範之弔詭(上)--論公平交易法第十九條第六款適用於搭售行為之合理性〉,月旦法學,2004年6月
11. 17.黃銘傑,〈公平交易委員會搭售規範之弔詭(下)--論公平交易法第十九條第六款適用於搭售行為之合理性〉,月旦法學,2004年7月
12. 18.崔汴生,〈美國司法部及各州控告美國微軟公司案〉,臺北大學法學論叢,2003年6月
13. 19.謝穎昇,〈資訊市場的司法攻防戰--美國司法部控告微軟案省思〉,通訊雜誌,1999年2月
14. 20.楊宏暉,〈新經濟時代的反托拉斯法挑戰--網路效應與微軟案之初探〉,政大法學評論,2004年2月
15. 21.鄭家麟,〈我國相關法規對贈品贈獎促銷行為之規範-----兼論行政院公平交易委員會處理贈品贈獎促銷額度案件原則〉,公平交易季刊,9卷1期,2001年1月