臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

第一部份:皮薩草精油抑制子宮肌肉收縮之研究
皮薩草（Oregano；Origanum vulgare L.）為一種廣泛使用的芳香草本植物，傳統上用於舒緩咳嗽、氣喘、坐骨神經痛、關節炎、風濕、消化器官過度收縮及經痛。本研究首先利用活體外大白鼠子宮肌肉收縮實驗，測試皮薩草精油是否具有抑制子宮肌肉收縮的能力，達到舒緩經痛的功效。實驗結果顯示20∼80 μg/ml的皮薩草精油，對催產素（Oxytocin）、前列腺素F2α（Prostaglandin F2α）以及氯化鉀（KCl）三種刺激物所誘發的子宮平滑肌收縮，分別具有13∼89%、31∼91%以及76∼93%的抑制力。為進一步分析皮薩草精油中抑制子宮肌肉收縮的化合物，我們利用氣相層析質譜儀（Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer），鑑定出三種主要化合物，分別為佔皮薩草精油總含量35.7%的香芹酚（Carvacrol）、26.6%的對異丙基甲苯（p-Cymene）以及30.0%的麝香草酚（Thymol）。這三種化合物在80 μg/ml的濃度時，對催產素、前列腺素F2α以及氯化鉀三種刺激物所誘發的子宮平滑肌收縮，分別具有70∼95%、76∼93%以及56∼86%的抑制力。比較皮薩草精油與三種化合物對子宮平滑肌收縮的抑制力，20 μg/ml的麝香草酚，對催產素誘發肌肉收縮的抑制力，比同濃度的皮薩草精油有意義地增加2.9倍；而在濃度40 μg/ml時，麝香草酚對前列腺素F2α以及氯化鉀誘發肌肉收縮的抑制力，分別比皮薩草精油有意義地增加2.5和1.5倍。此外，在40 μg/ml以及80 μg/ml的濃度下，香芹酚對氯化鉀誘發肌肉收縮的抑制力，分別比皮薩草精油有意義地增加1.6和1.4倍。本研究是第一個提出皮薩草植物對平滑肌肌肉細胞的抗痙攣效果，而我們的實驗結果也建議，皮薩草精油及其主要化合物，可經由阻斷受體（Receptor-）及電位調控鈣離子通道（Voltage-operated calcium channels）的多效性功能，作為預防及紓緩原發性經痛（Primary dysmenorrhea）的天然本草藥物。

第二部份:肉蓯蓉對酵母菌及乳酸菌鳳梨發酵液之抗氧化研究
蔬果含有許多的生物活性化合物（bioactive compounds），這些化合物的活性可能在儲存、製備或加工過程中減少。因此，利用發酵（fermentation）作用減少活性損失或增加營養價值是一種常用的加工方法。本論文探討19種不同的乳酸菌（lactic acid bacteria）及1種酵母菌（yeast）對鳳梨（Ananas comosus）及鳳梨添加肉蓯蓉（Cistanche deserticola）的混合物分別發酵1週之抗氧化能力分析，並比較利用水，15%，50%以及100%的乙醇分別萃取冷凍乾燥後的鳳梨以及肉蓯蓉樣品萃取液。首先在清除DPPH自由基實驗中，20種微生物發酵的肉蓯蓉鳳梨發酵液，在含有1%鳳梨及0.25%肉蓯蓉的含量下，具有214∼494 nmole/ml的trolox當量。在相同的鳳梨含量下，這些抗氧化活性是接種相對微生物之鳳梨發酵液（6∼14 nmole/ml trolox當量）的17∼51倍。在ABTS自由基清除實驗中，相同鳳梨含量的肉蓯蓉鳳梨發酵液之trolox當量（429∼846 nmole/ml）為接種相對微生物之鳳梨發酵液（28∼57 nmole/ml）的9∼21倍。上述實驗又以對DPPH及ABTS分別具有494及846 nmole/ml trolox當量的接種酵母菌的肉蓯蓉鳳梨發酵液為最佳。由於鳳梨及肉蓯蓉的水、15%、50%及100%乙醇萃取液，在相同含量的DPPH清除實驗中，分別具有7∼20及7∼229 nmole/ml的trolox當量。而在ABTS實驗中，亦分別具有13∼42及0∼324 nmole/ml的trolox當量。另外在總酚含量測定上，濃度同為1%鳳梨含量的20種鳳梨發酵液以及4種鳳梨萃取液的沒食子酸（Gallic acid）當量，皆僅在2∼3 μg/ml。而在同為1%鳳梨含量以及0.25%肉蓯蓉含量的20種肉蓯蓉鳳梨發酵液中，沒食子酸當量為31.3∼45.4 μg/ml。同為0.25%肉蓯蓉含量的4種萃取液其沒食子酸當量為1∼20 μg/ml。在氫氧自由基損害DNA之保護作用上，含有0.1%鳳梨以及0.025%肉蓯蓉含量之20種肉蓯蓉鳳梨發酵液具有59∼76%的相對保護力，同濃度的肉蓯蓉水、15%以及50%乙醇萃取液分別具有71%、83%及77%的相對保護力，而同濃度的鳳梨發酵液以及鳳梨萃取液僅有0∼30%的相對保護力。在抗脂質過氧化能力比較上，0.01%鳳梨以及0.0025%肉蓯蓉含量之肉蓯蓉鳳梨發酵液具有30∼66%的保護力，同濃度的鳳梨發酵液以及鳳梨萃取液則不具抗脂質過氧化的能力，同濃度的肉蓯蓉萃取液則具有17∼57%的保護力。這些實驗證實添加肉蓯蓉的鳳梨發酵液，可明顯提升僅含有鳳梨的發酵液、鳳梨或肉蓯蓉本身對DPPH及ABTS的清除能力，以及總酚類含量。特別在接種酵母菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae的肉蓯蓉鳳梨發酵液，其抗氧化能力最佳。

第一部份:皮薩草精油抑制子宮肌肉收縮之研究
壹、中文摘要 1
貳、英文摘要（Abstract） 3
參、前言 4
一、 皮薩草精油 4
二、 經痛類別 4
三、 經痛的生理機制 5
四、 經痛的西藥治療 6
肆、研究動機與策略 8
伍、材料與方法 9
一、 精油與化學藥劑： 9
二、 活體外子宮肌肉的製備 9
三、 誘發子宮肌肉的收縮 10
陸、結果 12
一、 皮薩草精油抑制大鼠子宮平滑肌收縮作用 12
二、 香芹酚、對異丙基甲苯及麝香草酚抑制大鼠子宮平滑肌收縮作用 12
柒、討論 15
捌、參考文獻 18
玖、表 24
拾、圖 25

第二部份:肉蓯蓉對酵母菌及乳酸菌鳳梨發酵液之抗氧化研究
壹、中文摘要 1
貳、英文摘要（Abstract） 3
參、前言 6
一、 鳳梨 6
二、 肉蓯蓉 6
三、 蔬果發酵汁 7
四、 氧自由基與抗氧化作用 7
肆、研究動機與策略 9
伍、材料與方法 10
一、 化學試劑 10
二、 實驗菌株 10
三、 發酵液與萃取液 11
1. 鳳梨發酵液 12
2. 肉蓯蓉鳳梨發酵液 12
3. 鳳梨及肉蓯蓉萃取液 12
四、 抗氧化能力分析 13
1. DPPH自由基清除力測試 13
2. ABTS自由基清除力測試 13
3. 總酚類含量測定 14
4. 氫氧自由基傷害質體 DNA保護作用之測試 15
5. 預防脂質過氧化之測試 16
陸、結果 17
一、 清除 DPPH 自由基的能力 17
二、 清除 ABTS 自由基的能力 17
三、 總酚類含量的測定 18
四、 氫氧自由基傷害質體 DNA 之保護作用 19
五、 抗脂質過氧化作用之測定 20
柒、討論 21
捌、參考文獻 27
玖、圖 32

第一部份:皮薩草精油抑制子宮肌肉收縮之研究
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第二部份:肉蓯蓉對酵母菌及乳酸菌鳳梨發酵液之抗氧化研究
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