臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

此論文提出一應用於電池支援之被動式UHF RFID無線CMOS之溫度感測晶片。本溫度感測晶片利用Diode-connected NMOS FET的VGS的壓降來量測溫度，感測結果則透過低功耗且具7.2-Bit解析度之連續漸進式類比數位轉換器產生相對應溫度之數位值。此外，為了與RFID系統整合，我們也另設計一介面電路來完成通信協定和同步程序的問題。整體電路設計皆符合1.8伏特電壓源以及TSMC 0.18µm CMOS 1P6M標準製程。當溫度從10°C變化至100°C，輸出電壓則以5.41 mV/℃的變化率從0.82伏特變化至0.28伏特，解析度達0.162℃。而溫度偏差則介於-1.1℃和0.65℃之間。在25℃時，整體系統消耗功率為57.48μW，佈局面積為0.8615 × 0.8111 mm2。

A new CMOS temperature sensor with battery assistance is proposed for passive UHF RFID applications in this thesis. The proposed temperature sensor employs the diode-connected NMOS FET transistor to sense VGS voltage variation in different temperature. The sensing result will converse into the corresponding digital value by a low power successive approximation register ADC which has the resolution of 7.2 bits. In addition, we also designed an interface circuit to make the communication and synchronization for RFID integration. The prototype circuit are designed from a supply of 1.8V in the TSMC 0.18µm CMOS 1P6M standard process. The output voltage swings goes from 0.82V to 0.28V with 0.162℃ temperature resolution which corresponding to the temperature variation goes from 10°C to 100°C. The temperature deviation is between -1.1℃ and 0.65℃. The entire system power consumption is about 57.48μW at 25℃, and the layout area is about 0.8615 × 0.8111 mm2.

List of Contents

摘要.......................................................I
ABSTRACT..................................................II
Acknowledgements.........................................III
List of Contents..........................................IV
List of Figures..........................................VII
List of Tables............................................XI

Chapter 1..................................................1
Introduction...............................................1
1.1 Background and Motivation.............................1
1.2 Preview of Previous Work..............................3
1.3 Requirements of the System............................6
1.4 Thesis Organization...................................7

Chapter 2 .................................................8
The Design of the Proposed Temperature Sensor.............8
2.1 Temperature Effects for Mobility and Threshold Voltage...................................................10
2.2 Effect for Process Variation.........................13
2.3 Current Source with Temperature Compensation.........14
2.4 Analysis of the Proposed Temperature Sensor..........18
2.4.1 Subtraction and Amplifier Stage...................20
2.4.2 The Linearity of Proposed Temperature Sensor......26

Chapter 3 ................................................30
Successive Approximation Register Analog to Digital Converter ................................................30
3.1 ADC Architectures....................................31
3.1.1 Flash ADC.........................................33
3.1.2 Pipeline ADC......................................34
3.1.3 Delta-Sigma (ΔΣ) ADC.............................35
3.1.4 Successive Approximation (SAR) ADC................36
3.1.5 Summary of ADC Specifications.....................38
3.2 The Principle of SAR ADC.............................40
3.2.1 SAR ADC Architecture and Operation................42
3.3 Proposed 0.9V 10-bit 227kS/s SAR ADC.................44
3.3.1 Sample & Hold.....................................44
3.3.2 The Complementary Comparator......................48
3.3.3 Successive Approximation Register (SAR)...........54
3.3.4 DAC Capacitor Array...............................57
3.4 Simulation Result....................................62
3.4.1 Static Simulation.................................62
3.4.2 Dynamic Simulation................................64
3.4.3 Performance comparison of ADCs....................67

Chapter 4.................................................71
The Interface Design......................................71
4.1 Interface Design and Considerations..................71
4.1.1 Procedure.........................................73
4.2 Circuit Realization..................................75
4.2.1 Simulation Result.................................76

Chapter 5.................................................79
Measurement...............................................79
5.1 Circuit Implementation and Testing Consideration.....79
5.1.1 Chip Micrograph...................................82
5.1.2 PCB Board Presentation............................84
5.2 Test Plan and Measurement Results....................85
5.2.1 Temperature Sensor................................85
5.2.2 SAR ADC...........................................89
5.2.3 Whole system......................................94

Chapter 6.................................................99
Conclusion and Future Work................................99
6.1 Conclusion...........................................99
6.2 Future Work.........................................101

Bibliography.............................................102

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