臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文成功研製一“具電池電壓平衡功能之雙向多階轉換器”。其藉由將電池平衡控制與多階轉換器結合的方式，不需增加額外之平衡電路，即可達到雙向直/交流電能傳輸以及電池平衡充放電之效果。
本論文首先針對常使用之雙向多階轉換器架構進行探討，並選用串接半橋多階轉換器作為本文之轉換器架構，相對於其他架構，其具有元件使用量較少以及控制簡單的優點。接著，本文基於電池選擇式平衡控制原理描述本文所採用之系統以及其動作原理。其中系統可分別操作於整流器模式和換流器模式。當系統操作於換流器模式時，此時電池組作為電源，其可於輸出端產生一低電壓諧波之交流電壓源供負載使用，並同時達到電池平衡放電之目的。當系統操作於整流器模式時，系統可獲得高功率因數並對電池組進行電能儲存，達到電池平衡充電之目的。
本文最後實作一180W之原型機，並實際以四組電池驗證所提之系統，其中以三組48/7Ah之電池作為正常之電池，並一組48/5Ah之電池作為老化電池。由實驗結果可得，當系統操作於換流器模式時，與採用未平衡之控制之系統比較，其可用電量(Ah)提升20.58%且放電時間延長10.67%。而當系統操作於整流器模式時，其與採用未平衡之控制之系統比較，其充電電量(Ah)可提升22.45%。經實驗證明，本文所提系統可確實達成電池平衡充放電控制之目的。

In this dissertation, a bidirectional multi-level converter with voltage balance of batteries is successfully developed. By combining the battery balancing control and the multi-level converter, bidirectional AC/DC power transmission and battery balancing charging/discharging are achieved without the need of an additional battery balancing circuit.
In this dissertation, topologies of commonly used bidirectional multi-level converters are first investigated. Here, the cascaded half bridge multilevel converter is selected because of its smaller number of components and ease of control. The system utilized in this dissertation and its operating principles are then described from the perspective of selective battery balancing control. The system can be operated in rectifier and inverter modes. In the inverter mode, the battery acts as the power source and can produce an AC voltage source at the output with low voltage harmonic to supply the load while achieving balanced discharging. In the rectifier mode, the system can attain a high power factor and allow the battery to store charge while achieving balanced charging.
Finally, a 180 W prototype with four battery groups is designed to verify the proposed system. The prototype has three groups of 48/7 Ah batteries acting as normal batteries and a group of 48/5 Ah batteries acting as aging batteries. Experimental results show that when the system is operating in the inverter mode, its available capacity is 20.58% higher and its discharge time is 10.67% longer compared to a system without balance control. When the system is operating in the rectifier mode, its charge capacity is 22.45% higher compared to a system without balance control. The experiment confirms that the system proposed in this dissertation can achieve balanced battery charging and discharging.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2文獻回顧 2
1.3內容大綱 8
第二章 雙向多階轉換器 10
2.1二極體箝位式多階轉換器 10
2.2飛輪電容式多階轉換器 13
2.3 串接全橋多階轉換器 16
2.4 串接半橋多階轉換器 19
第三章 系統描述 24
3.1整流器模式 26
3.1.1整流器與功率因數修正 26
3.1.2電池選擇式平衡充電控制 32
3.2換流器模式 38
3.2.1多階轉換器之調變 45
3.2.2電池選擇式平衡放電控制 48
第四章 實例設計 53
4.1全橋式電路設計 55
4.2電感器設計 56
4.3半橋式電路設計 57
4.4交流端電壓/電流感測器 58
4.5控制器 62
4.5.1換流器模式程式流程 65
4.5.2整流器模式程式流程 74
第五章 實驗結果 85
5.1換流器操作與電池放電實驗 85
5.2電池充電實驗比較 91
第六章 結論與未來展望 101
6.1結論 101
6.2未來展望 102
參考文獻 103

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