臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本篇論文提出了兩種分別應用於頻率域與空間域的數位浮水印技術：(一)植基於離散餘弦轉換(DCT)之頻率域浮水印技術。(二)植基於統計方法之空間域浮水印技術。方法一中我們將浮水印藏匿於DCT頻率係數中的低頻部分，確保浮水印的強韌性。另一方面，藉由模數觀念來小幅度的修改DCT係數，使得藏匿完浮水印的影像品質仍在一般可接受範圍。方法二則是利用人類視覺對RGB色頻中的B channel較不敏感之特性，將浮水印藏匿於此藍色色頻中。藉由細微的修改藍色色頻中每個像素的像素值，能有效的確保藏匿過浮水印的影像的品質以及增進浮水印的強韌性。
論文中所用的浮水印為人眼可辨識的二元影像，而非亂數產生的位元數列。實驗結果顯示，此二種浮水印技術應用於一般彩色影像皆可有效的抵抗常見的影像處理攻擊。其中方法一更可以抵抗超高壓縮率的JPEG壓縮攻擊，而方法二則特別能抵抗影像模糊化處理。無論方法一或是方法二，皆是簡單又有效的浮水印技術。

This thesis presents two digital watermarking techniques applying in frequency domain and spatial domain, respectively. Method one is the DCT-based watermark embedding approach in frequency domain, the second method is the statistics-based watermark embedding approach in spatial domain. In method Ⅰ, to enhance the robustness of watermark, we embed watermark into the low components of DCT frequency coefficients. For maintaining the quality of watermarked image, we modify the coefficients by the concept of modulation. In method Ⅱ, we insert watermark bits into the Blue channel of RGB color channels because it is the most unperceived color channel by human eyes. With the slight chang of Blue channel pixels’ value, the quality of watermarked image is well and the watermark is robust.
The watermark used is a visually recognizable binary image rather than a randomly generated sequence of bits. According to the results of experiments, both of these watermark embedding approaches are effective to resist the common image processing attacks in general color images. Moreover, methodⅠcan even resist the very high JPEG compression attack.

Chapter 1 Introduction.............................................................................1
1.1 Motivation........................................................................................................1
1.2 Thesis Organization .........................................................................................2
Chapter 2 Backgrounds............................................................................3
2.1 YUV Color Model............................................................................................3
2.2 Watermark Permutation Algorithm..................................................................4
2.3 Discrete Cosine Transform ( DCT ).................................................................4
2.4 Similarity Measurement...................................................................................6
Chapter 3 The Proposed DCT-based Watermarking Method..............8
3.1 The DCT-based Watermark Embedding Algorithm.........................................9
3.2 The DCT-based Watermark Extracting Algorithm.........................................18
3.3 Secret Information .........................................................................................18
Chapter 4 The Proposed Statistics-based Watermarking Method.....20
4.1 The Statistics-based Watermark Embedding Algorithm ................................21
4.2 The Statistics-based Watermark Extracting Algorithm..................................27
4.3 Secret Information .........................................................................................27
Chapter 5 Simulation Results ................................................................29
5.1 The DCT-based Watermarking Approach......................................................30
5.1.1 The Simulation of Gray Image ...........................................................30
A. JPEG Compression .........................................................................30
B. Uniform Noise.................................................................................34
C. Comparison with Other Scheme .....................................................36
5.1.2 The Simulation of Color Image ..........................................................37
A. JPEG Compression .........................................................................38
B. Uniform Noise.................................................................................42
5.2 The Statistics-based Watermarking Approach ...............................................45
A. JPEG Compression .................................................................................45
B. Uniform Noise.........................................................................................48
C. Mean Filter ..............................................................................................50
D. Median Filter...........................................................................................53
E. Comparison with Other Scheme..............................................................57
5.3 Comparison between Our Proposed Methods................................................59
5.4 Other Attacks .................................................................................................60
Chapter 6 Conclusion .............................................................................63
References ................................................................................................64

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