臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主旨是在於以實驗及模擬對兩種不同初始溫度之含鈦高強度低碳鋼平板於相同銲接輸入熱下的銲接殘留應力分佈情況之探討。初始溫度為 7 oC 之平板有著較初始溫度為 25 oC 之平板大的殘留張應力，這可歸因於 7 oC 之平板在銲接過程中有著較大的溫度梯度所導致。以陰極電弧鍍類鑽碳薄膜於銲接過之含鈦高強度低碳鋼平板上，會降低及釋放某種程度上的銲接殘留應力。利用有限元素法模擬銲接程序，計算出銲後產生的殘留應力，和鑽孔法量測殘留應力的值，相當接近，這也驗證了運用有限元素之方法來解析殘留應力，相當可行。

The distribution of welding residual stresses in high strength titanium bearing low carbon steel with two different initial plate temperatures before welding was measured and calculated under the same heat input. The as-welded 7 oC plate exhibited a higher residual tensile stress than as-welded 25 oC plate due to the greater temperature gradient. Diamond like carbon (DLC) thin film deposited on the as welded plates can reduce the magnitude of the welding residual stress caused by the cathodic arc physical vapour deposition (PVD) process. The distribution of the measured welding residual stresses agrees with finite element method (FEM) simulated results very well.

Table of Contents
摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
Table of Contents iv
Table Caption List vi
Figures Caption List vii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Literatures Review 3
Chapter 3 Experimental procedures 12
3.1 Material 12
3.2 Pulsed gas tungsten arc welding 14
3.3 Welding thermal cycle measurement 16
3.4 Microhardness measurement 16
3.5 Optical microstructure observation 17
3.6 SEM microstructure observation 17
3.7 Residual stress measurement 18
3.8 DLC coating 21
3.9 Raman spectrometry 22
3.10 Finite element analysis 23
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 25
4.1 The microstructure of titanium bearing low carbon high strength steel 25
4.1.1 The optical microstructure of as-received Ti bearing low carbon high strength steel 25
4.1.2 Comparison between welding conditions 25 oC welded plate and 7 oC welded plate 25
4.2 Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films relaxing the welding residual stress for Ti bearing low carbon high strength steel 32
4.2.1 The residual stress distribution of 25 oC welded plate and 7 oC welded plate 32
4.2.2 Stress released by DLC coating on the 25 oC welded plate and 7 oC welded plate 34
Chapter 5 Conclusions 42
References 43
Appendix 50

Table Caption List
Table 3.1 Composition analysis of Ti bearing low carbon steel by glow discharge spectrometer 13
Table 3.2 Mechanical properties of the high strength Ti bearing low carbon steel 13
Table 3.3 Parameters for pulsed GTAW 15
Table 4.1 Thermophysical properties of the high strength Ti bearing low carbon steel 37

Figures Caption List
Fig. 2.1 Residual stresses originate from misfits between different regiona [5] 9
Fig. 2.2 Changes in temperature and stresses during welding [7] 10
Fig. 2.3 Haigh-diagram of longitudinal stiffeners [8] 11
Fig. 2.4 Schematic diagram of origin of residual stress during heating and cooling [22] 11
Fig. 3.1 Defined pulse and base current modes 15
Fig. 3.2 The equipment of hole drilling machine for measuring residual stress [37] 19
Fig. 3.3 The high-speed air turbine for hole drilling [38] 20
Fig. 3.4 The microscope and illuminator for precision alignment [38] 20
Fig. 3.5 FEM simulated mesh and moving heat source 24
Fig. 4.1 Optical microstructure of as-received Ti bearing low carbon steel 27
Fig. 4.2 Cross section microstructure of FZ (weld metal) of (a) 25oC plate; (b) 7oC plate 28
Fig. 4.3 Top view microstructure of FZ (weld metal) of (a) 25oC plate; (b) 7oC plate 29
Fig. 4.4 Microstructure of as-welded 25oC plate at (a) the coarse-grained HAZ adjacent to the fusion line; (b) the fine-grained HAZ adjacent to the BM 30
Fig. 4.5 Microstructure of as-welded 7oC plate at (a) the coarse-grained HAZ adjacent to the fusion line; (b) the fine-grained HAZ adjacent to the BM 31
Fig. 4.6 (a) Welding residual stress distribution of the measured and predicted by finite element method (FEM) analysis; (b) comparison of thermal history closest to the fusion line 38
Fig. 4.7 Thermal cycle of various locations during welding in (a) 25oC plate; (b) 7oC plate 39
Fig.4.8 Comparison of FEM welding peak temperatures with measured results for as-welded plates 40
Fig. 4.9 Measured Raman spectra of deposited DLC films consisting of two Gaussian distributions 40
Fig. 4.10 Measured and FEM simulated residual stress redistribution after DLC coating compared with as-welded 41

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