臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文以紅茶水萃取物(BTE)發展安全的天然防曬劑。在動物實驗模式，BTE顯示可減少因紫外線過度曝曬所造成之傷害。於ICR小鼠的背部皮膚以含有1% BTE (2 mg/cm2或 20 mg/cm2) 乳膏前處理，將ICR小鼠分別以UVA (236.08 J/cm2)、UVB (118.04 J/cm2) 或 UVC (19.67 J/cm2) 照射。經過五天之後，ICR小鼠背部皮膚經含有1% BTE 20 mg/cm2乳膏前處理者，與控制組比較，顯示皮膚正常或僅呈現輕微紅腫、輕微脫皮結痂現象且不會出現皮膚角質層增生作用。這些結果證明1% BTE對於UVA、UVB和UVC的照射具明顯的保護作用。BTE將可作為天然的防曬劑，而且推測BTE的防曬效果可能來自其所含的主成分咖啡因(caffeine)和沒食子酸(gallic acid)。因此，本研究也探討使用niosomes作為體外傳遞BTE主成分caffeine 和 gallic acid之防曬劑微胞劑型，多層的niosomes劑型是以薄膜水合法所製成，並評估其以穿皮劑型做為護膚劑之可行性。結果顯示比起caffeine和gallic acid分散在水溶液之劑型，包埋caffeine和gallic acid的niosomes劑型於穿透皮膚膜的能力較高。因此，BTE之niosomes劑型具有做為防曬劑之潛力。另外利用ethosomal劑型，它是由非離子界面活性劑，水和高濃度之乙醇所組成。在體外實驗，包覆caffeine and gallic acid的 ethosome劑型 與BTE溶液進行比較，結果呈現，非離子ethosome劑型明顯促進BTE在毛髮表面的吸附作用。非離子ethosome劑型比BTE溶液有較多毛髮表面的傳遞及吸附效應。因而此劑型具有可發展成為毛髮染色劑及保護劑之可能性。

We try to use the black tea aqueous extract (BTE) to develop natural and safe sunscreen: In animal models, BTE exhibited provide remarkable protection that reduced the severity of adverse effects of overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Skin of the dorsal areas of ICR mice were pretreated with cream containing 1% BTE(2 mg/cm2 or 20 mg/cm2), then ICR mice were then irradiated with either UVA (236.08 J/cm2), UVB (118.04 J/cm2), or UVC (19.67 J/cm2). After 5 days, the dorsal skin of mice pretreated with cream containing 1% BTE (20 mg/cm2) exhibited normal or slight erythema, slight scabbing and did not show hyperproliferation of keratinocytes compared to control animals. These results demonstrated that 1% BTE had a significant protective effect against irradiation with UVA, UVB, and UVC. BTE as a natural sunscreen agent and the sunscreen effect of the BTE may result from caffeine and gallic acid. The next study objective was to investigate the feasibility of using niosomes as a delivery vesicle for the dermal administration of BTE in vitro as a sunscreen. Multilamellar niosomes were obtained by means of a previously reported ''film'' method. In vitro penetration experiments through nude mouse skin membrane were carried out to evaluate the potential of niosomes as a dermal formulation. Penetration rates of caffeine- and gallic acid-loaded niosomes in a steady state were higher than dispersion in aqueous solutions. In the near future, BTE can be dermally delivered by niosomes as a sunscreen agent. The third study described a novel carrier, the ethosomal system, composed of non-ionic surfactants, ethanol, and water. Compared to an BTE solution, the non-ionic ethosomal formulation of caffeine- and gallic acid-loaded dramatically enhanced the adsorption of caffeine or gallic acid onto hair surfaces in vitro. Non-ionic ethosomal formulation were much more efficient at delivering and absorption to the hair surface than ethanol solution. This formulation may have the potential for development as a hair dye and protection agent.

目錄
中文摘要…………………………………………………………....................1
英文摘要……………………………………………………………................3
誌謝………………………………………………………………………........5
目錄…………………………………………………………………................7
表目錄…………………………………………………………......................10
圖目錄…………………………………………………………......................11
縮寫………………………………………………………………..................12
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………........13
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………………........15
第一節 茶的源起及分類…………………………………….………...........15
2.1.1. 茶的源起.…………………………………………………..…............15
2.1.2. 茶的分類….……..……………………………………………............15
第二節 茶葉的成分及生理功效………………………………………........16
2.2.1. 茶葉的成分………………………….……………………..…............16
2.2.2. 茶葉的生理功效……………….…………….…………….…............17第三節 茶之抗氧化功能……………………….…….………………..........19
2.3.1. 茶之抗氧化及清除自由基作用……….……..……………................19
2.3.2. 抗氧化原理………………………………………………...................20
2.3.3. 消除自由基原理……………………………………………...............21
第四節 BTE所含主要成分及應用…….………………………..….….......22
2.4.1. BTE所含之主要成份…………………………………………...........22
2.4.1.1. 咖啡因(caffeine)……………………………...…………….............22
2.4.1.2. 沒食子酸(gallic acid)………………………………………............24
2.4.2. 紅茶之應用…………………………………………………...............26
2.4.2.1. 防曬劑(surburn) 的種類及作用機轉…………………...................26
2.4.2.2. 染髮劑(dying)的種類及作用機轉……………………...….............28
第三章 BTE對紫外線照射小鼠所誘發皮膚損傷之保護作用評估….......32
第一節 前言…………………………………………………………............32
第二節 材料與方法 ………………………………………………..............33
3.2.1. 儀器………………………………………………...…………............33
3.2.2. 材料……………………….…………………………..………............34
3.2.3.方法………………………………………….…………………............35
3.2.3.1. BTE之製備………………………………….………………............35
3.2.3.2. BTE之成分分析…………………………….….……..……............35
3.2.3.3. BTE清除自由基之活性測定………………….……..……..............38
3.2.3.4. BTE還原力活性之測定…………………….…………..….............40
3.2.3.5. BTE針對ICR小鼠在UV照射下對其皮膚保護之試驗.…...........40
3.2.3.6. 小鼠皮膚組織病理切片…………..………………………..............41 3.2.3.7. 統計分析……………………………..……………………..............42
第三節 結果……………………………………………………………........42
3.3.1. BTE主要成分之HPLC分析…………………………………...........42
3.3.2. BTE抗氧化活性……………..…………………………….…............42
3.3.2.1. BTE之DPPH自由基清除效應…………..…………………….......42
3.3.2.2. BTE的還原活性效應…………………………………….…...........43
3.3.3. BTE在UV照射所誘導皮膚損傷之保護效應….…..…….…............43
3.3.3.1. BTE對由UVA照射所誘導的皮膚損傷之保護作用.…..…...........43
3.3.3.2. BTE對由UVB照射所誘導的皮膚損傷之保護作用…..…............44
3.3.3.3. BTE對由UVC照射所誘導的皮膚損傷之保護作用…..…............44
第四節 討論.………………………………………….……………..............45
第五節 結論……………………………………………………………........47
第四章 使用微胞劑型包覆BTE做為穿皮吸收之護膚劑型研究…...........49
第一節 前言……………………………………………………………........49
4.1.1. 微脂體劑型應用……………...………………………………............49
4.1.2. 微脂體劑型特性說明…………….…………………………..............50
4.1.2.1. 微脂粒的組成……………….……………………………...............50
4.1.2.2. 微脂粒的結構………………….……………………………...........51
4.1.2.3. 界面活性劑相圖……………….……………………………...........52
第二節 材料與方法 …………………………………………………..........52
4.2.1. 儀器……………………………………………………………...........52
4.2.2. 材料……………………………………………………………...........53
4.2.3. 方法……………………………………………………………...........54
4.2.3.1. BTE的成分分析…………………………………………….............54
4.2.3.2. Niosomes的製備……………...…………………………….............54
4.2.3.3. Niosomes的組成分析………………………………………............56
4.2.3.4. 滲透實驗…………….………………...……………………............57
4.2.3.5. 統計數據分析…………………………...………………….............59
第三節 結果………………………………………….………………...........59
4.3.1.BTE的HPLC分析……………………...……………..........................59
4.3.2. Caffeine 和 Gallic acid的HPLC分析……………………….............60
4.3.3. 包含caffeine和gallic acid的Niosome劑型的物理特性.................60
4.3.4. Niosomes包含coffeine和gallic acid的組成分析……………..........60
4.3.5. Caffeine和 gallic acid經由裸鼠皮膚的穿皮傳遞……...……….......61
第四節 討論.…………………………………………………………...........62
第五節 結論……………………………………………………………........64
第五章 使用醇脂體包覆BTE做為染護髮劑型之研究……………….......66
第一節 前言……………………………………………………………........66
5.1.1. 染髮產品之種類………………………..…………………….............66
5.1.2. 染髮產品之劑型、染色法及染髮機轉...................………….............67
5.1.3. 醇酯體技術說明………………………..…………………….............68
5.1.4. 經皮製劑應用……………………………..………………….............69
5.1.5. 微乳劑增進溶解度的性質………………..………………….............69
5.1.6. 微乳劑的性質與藥物傳輸……………..…………………….............69
5.1.7. ethosome劑型應用…….………………..………….…………............69
第二節 材料與方法 …………………………………………………..........70
5.2.1. 儀器…………………...………………………………………............70
5.2.2. 材料……………...……………………………..……………..............71
5.2.3. 方法……………...……………………………………………............72
5.2.3.1. BTE之caffeine 和 gallic acid 之組成分析…....…………............72
5.2.3.2. 微胞製備(vesicle preparation)…………….…..……………............73
5.2.3.3. BTE在裸鼠皮膚的穿皮傳遞在體外的研究…...….........................74
5.2.3.4. 羊毛以BTE醇脂體凝膠染色…….……………………..................77
5.2.3.5. 數據分析………...………………………………………….............78
第三節 結果……………………………………………………………........78
5.3.1. BTE之醇酯體…………………………………………………...........78
5.3.2. BTE所含caffeine在微胞劑型的穿皮傳遞效應…………….............80
5.3.3. BTE所含gallic acid在微胞劑型的穿皮傳遞效應.………….............80
5.3.4. BTE的微胞劑型在頭髮染色的效應……...………….........................81
第四節 討論.……………………….…………………………………..........81
第五節 結論……………………………………………………………........83
第六章 總結……………………………………………………………........84
參考文獻………………………………………………………………........113
已發表之期刊論文……………………………………………………........124

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