臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現今網路發展愈來愈快速，各種應用軟體也因應而生。許多的使用者都會利用網路來觀看影片，而P2P視訊串流也愈來愈盛行，如CoolStreaming、PPLive、和PPStream等。隨著更多的視訊應用被發展出來，在網路上不同的使用者對於影片的品質都有不同的要求，因應這樣的需求，有一方面的學者對於影像的編碼方式有深入的研究，而「可調視訊編碼」即是被發展出來的編碼方式之一。「可調視訊編碼」提供使用者可以依據自己的網路狀態來下載所能觀看的影片品質，而也愈來愈多的影音串流服務利用這樣的編碼方式，利用「可調性視訊編碼」的特性來設計應用程式。在網路視訊的串流服務中，除了觀看網路上的影音之外，對於在視訊會議的應用上，P2P的架構也提供了良好的方法。但是我們發現，在P2P的即時影音上，每一位使用者所觀看的片段並不相同，即使相鄰的兩人，也會因為網路頻寬、電腦硬體等等各種因素的不同，而使得觀看的片段會有一些落差。在本論文中，我們會使用「可調性視訊編碼」的視訊編碼方法，及「網路時間協定」，提出同步時間計算機制來解決網路節點中視訊不同步的問題，最後我們以模擬數據証明同步時間計算機制可以有效使系統中的節點可以同步播放相同的影片。

Due to the rapid development of the Internet, Internet applications are blooming. Lots of users watch the video through the Internet and P2P architecture is one of the awesome methods for video streaming. Owning to the different capacities of user’s device and bandwidth, a video coding scheme which is called Scalable Video Coding is used to accomplish these differences. SVC supplies several kinds of video quality for different requests of users. In nowadays, P2P streaming combine its overlay structure and the characteristics of SVC to serve more heterogeneous users. There exist many P2P streaming applications which require play out synchronization among users, such as online video streaming and video conference. But it is discovered that because of the heterogeneous amount users, the displayed segment of the same time will not be synchronized as we expect. In this thesis, we propose a video play out synchronization mechanism which adopts SVC coding scheme, P2P streaming technology, and NTP protocol. Our simulation results show that the users in the synchronization system could watch the same video sequence since the video is first be played.

1. 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 論文架構 4
2. 相關研究 5
2.1 視訊串流架構與傳輸方式 5
2.1.1 樹狀拓樸架構 5
2.1.2 網狀拓樸架構 6
2.1.3 混合樹與網狀拓樸 7
2.1.4 網狀拓樸 hybrid push-pull 9
2.2 iGridMedia – 互動式的即時視訊串流系統 9
2.2.1系統介紹與系統架構圖 9
2.2.2 iGridMedia –進入系統 10
2.2.3資料傳輸方式 –hybrid pull and push 11
2.2.4 Streaming Servers決定Push影片的對象： 11
2.2.5時間計算 12
2.3 CoolStreaming 12
2.3.1 系統介紹與系統架構圖 13
2.3.2 CoolStreaming – 進入系統 13
2.3.3 影片格式與影片傳輸方式 14
2.3.4 節點重選機制 14
2.4 可調性視訊編碼簡介 15
2.4.1 SVC 簡介 15
2.4.2 網路提取層 16
2.4.3影片編碼層 18
2.5 結論與問題探討 18
3. 系統架構設計 19
3.1 系統簡介 (Protocol Overview) 19
3.1.1 影片格式與網路時間協定 19
3.1.2 Client Buffer 與 Buffer Map 19
3.2 系統運作介紹 22
3.2.1 系統運作流程 22
3.2.2 GRC-Based父節點選擇機制 24
3.2.3 同步時間計算 26
3.3 影片要求與回覆影片機制 30
3.3.1 Start-up Request Schedule 30
3.3.2 Normal Request Schedule 31
3.3.3 Request Response Schedule 32
4. 模擬分析 34
4.1 模擬環境 34
4.1.1 系統環境與參數設定 34
4.1.2 系統效能量測項目 36
4.2 模擬結果與討論 37
4.2.1 Gap 37
4.2.2 Continue Index 38
4.2.3 Start-up Time 40
4.2.4 Time Limitation 41
4.2.5 User number 42
4.2.6 總結 43
5. 結論與未來展望 44
6. 參考文獻 45

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