臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

針鐵礦（Goethite，a-FeO·OH）為一水合鐵氧化物，普遍存在於熱帶及亞熱帶環境土壤中，是土壤中最穩定的（氫）氧化態。本實驗自行合成針鐵礦探討重金屬－銅、鋅及磷酸根於針鐵礦表面之吸附情形，實驗變因有溶液濃度、pH 值與溫度，並控制背景離子強度為 0.1 mol/L NaNO3。
研究結果顯示，在重金屬吸附方面，吸附量隨 pH 值增加、溫度升高而增加，吸附過程屬於吸熱反應， pH值高者，吸附熱較小，因為pH值高者在相同條件（同一溫度、相同初始濃度）下，比較容易吸附，所以所需的反應吸附熱也就較小。 Cu2+ 的吸附量大於Zn2+ 。在等溫吸附方面，兩金屬吸附模式皆符合 Langmuir 等溫式；Cu2+ 與Zn2+ 在 35 ℃、pH 5.0時，最大吸附量分別為82與25 mmol/kg。
在雙成分金屬系統中，對於吸附量本來就比較低的Zn2+，在競爭後其吸附量更低。而Cu2+的吸附量卻比由Langmuir competitive model計算所得之理論值要高。
在針鐵礦吸附磷酸根方面，磷酸根吸附量隨pH值降低、溫度升高而增加；吸附過程也是屬於吸熱反應。在較低的pH值下，吸附熱較小，因為pH值低者在相同條件（同一溫度、相同初始濃度）下，吸附比較容易發生，因此反應所需的吸附熱也就較小。吸附模式符合 Langmuir 等溫式。在 35 ℃、pH 2.5 時針鐵礦對磷酸根的最大吸附量為 200 mmol/kg 。
在磷酸根與 Cu2+ 共存的系統中，磷酸根的存在有助於針鐵礦對Cu2+ 的吸附；而Cu2+ 也使磷酸根在高pH值的吸附量增加，此雙成分系統為協同吸附。

Goethite [a-FeO·OH], a kind of hydrated iron(III) oxide, was often encountered on the tropical and subtropical areas, and was the most stable (hydro-) oxidation state in soil. This study investigated the adsorption equilibria of single heavy metal－copper(II), zinc(II), and phosphate, as well as the competitive adsorption equilibria of binary copper(II) zinc(II) as well as binary phosphate and copper(II) onto synthesized goethite. All experiments were carried out at different temperatures (15~35℃), initial adsorbate concentrations, and pH values. The ionic strength was maintained at 0.1 mol/L of NaNO3.
The amounts of heavy metals adsorbed decreased with decreasing pH, but increased in the case of single phosphate. In addition, the amounts of both heavy metals and single phosphate adsorbed increased as temperature was increased. All adsorption processes were endothermic. At a given equilibrium pH, the adsorption isotherms of single phosphate and heavy metals could be well described by the Langmuir equation.
In the binary─copper(II)/zinc(II) system, the amounts of znic(II) adsorbed was decreased. However, in the binary copper(II)/phosphate system, the amounts of copper(II) and phosphate adsorbed were enhanced.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
符號說明 X
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 土壤簡介 2
1-3 土壤重金屬污染處理 3
1-4 土壤中之磷酸鹽 4
1-4.1磷酸鹽的一般性質 5
1-4.2磷酸鹽之吸附行為 6
1-5 土壤中磷酸鹽與重金屬之關係 7
1-6 吸附理論 9
1-6.1 物理吸附與化學吸附 9
1-6.2 專性吸附與非專性吸附 10
1-6.3 等溫吸附模式 11
1-7 針鐵礦之特性 13
1-7.1 氧化物的性質 13
1-7.3 氧化鐵的種類 15
1-7.4 針鐵礦 16
1-7.5 針鐵礦之表面特性 19
1-7.6 針鐵礦之表面錯合反應 20
1-8針鐵礦的應用 21
1-8.1對陽離子之吸附反應 22
1-8.2 對陰離子之吸附反應 23
1-9 離子強度對吸附反應的影響 24
1-10 研究動機與目的 25
第二章 實驗部分 26
2-1 實驗藥品及儀器 26
2-1.1 藥品部分 26
2-1.2儀器部份 27
2-2 實驗步驟 28
2-2.1 針鐵礦的製備 28
2-2.2 批式平衡吸附 29
2-3 分析方法 31
2-3.1感應耦合電漿放射光譜儀(ICP-AES) 31
2-3.2 表面電位分析儀 33
第三章 結果與討論 34
3-1 針鐵礦物性分析 34
3-1.1 元素分析 34
3-1.2 X光繞射分析 36
3-1.3表面結構 36
3-1.4 表面電位分析 37
3-2 批次吸附平衡 38
3-2.1 重金屬吸附 38
3-2.2 磷酸根之吸附 49
第四章 結論 58
參考文獻 59
自述 65

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