臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　南海位於中國南方，是西太平洋其中一個邊緣海。過去對於南海南北兩側大陸邊緣有較多的研究，像是地殼構造、大陸海洋地殼邊界、大陸邊緣兩側構造比對等等，而南海深海海盆的研究相對較少，主要是利用磁力異常條帶探討南海海底擴張的演化，海盆內的構造、沉積物分布等等仍然欠缺了解。
　　本研究利用海研五號0037航次，在南海的東海盆與西南海盆以及其交界帶之間收集到了七條反射震測剖面，來探討南海海盆內的構造形態和沉積物的分布。其中MCSV0037-1A和MCSV0037-3兩條震測剖面分別通過IODP Expedition 349的U1431和U1433兩口井位，提供本研究此剖面中對應到沉積物的年代資訊，建立反射震測剖面上各時期的震測相特徵，並將其延伸至整個研究區域的機會，並據以探討東海盆和西南海盆構造、沉積物的分布和擴張後的火成活動。
　　整體而言東海盆和西南海盆的基盤深度並無明顯的差異，但由於受到火成活動影響，基盤起伏相當劇烈，沉積物的分布也受到火成活動影響，主要堆積在較深的盆地之中，在火成侵入體或海底火山周遭較薄。沉積物厚度在古擴張中心較薄，越遠離古擴張中心越厚。
過去從南海海盆磁力異常條帶分布形態中，發現東海盆和西南海盆的磁力異常形態不一致，似乎有邊界劃分此兩個海盆，推測此兩個海盆之間存在一個斷層構造或破裂帶，稱之為中南斷層。本研究觀察到中南斷層在古擴張中心以南可能是以轉形斷層帶正斷層的分量存在，但在古擴張中心以北則未能觀察到其存在，可能轉換成完全的轉形斷層形式。
　　另外本研究根據火成活動與沉積物的接觸關係，我們可以大致判斷其活動年代，顯示東海盆古擴張中心上的一座海底火山以及西南海盆古擴張中心旁兩座海底火山，其形成年代大約是在中新世中期以前或中新世中期，認為南海海盆在擴張結束後曾經歷大規模的火成活動，在古擴張中心附近形成數座高聳的海底火山。

目錄
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 x
壹、緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 1
1.3 研究區域和研究方法 2
貳、區域背景及研究現況 6
2.1 南海地理環境 6
2.2 中國東南及南海的構造演化 6
2.3 南海海盆演化及海盆內的構造 7
2.4 新生代時期的火成活動 8
2.5 國際海洋探索計畫 9
參、資料來源及處理 23
3.1 震測資料收集 23
3.2 多頻道反射震測資料處理流程 23
3.3 Kirchhoff 疊前深度移位處理 26
3.4 疊代移位速度分析 27
3.5 疊前深度移位處理步驟 28
肆、震測剖面展示與解釋 36
4.1 震測剖面對比井位 36
4.2 震測剖面解釋 37
4-3 震測剖面 39
4.3.1 東海盆區域 39
4.3.2 跨越東海盆和西南海盆區域 39
4.3.3 西南海盆區域 40
伍、討論 54
5.1 沉積物分布和基盤 54
5.2 海盆內的構造 55
5.2.1 中南斷層 55
5.2.2 古擴張中心 56
5.3 火成活動 56
陸、結論 71
參考文獻 73

英文部分：
Barckhausen, U., & Roeser, H. A. (2004). Seafloor spreading anomalies in the South China Sea revisited. Continent-ocean interactions within East Asian marginal seas, 121-125.
Barckhausen, U., Engels, M., Franke, D., Ladage, S., & Pubellier, M. (2014). Evolution of the South China Sea: Revised ages for breakup and seafloor spreading. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 58, 599-611.
Braitenberg, C., Wienecke, S., & Wang, Y. (2006). Basement structures from satellite‐derived
gravity field: South China Sea ridge. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978–2012), 111(B5).
Briais, A., Patriat, P., & Tapponnier, P. (1993). Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies
and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea: Implications for the Tertiary tectonics of Southeast Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978–2012), 98(B4), 6299-6328.
Dong, D., Wu, S., Li, J., & Lüdmann, T. (2014). Tectonic contrast between the conjugate
margins of the South China Sea and the implication for the differential extensional model. Science China Earth Sciences, 57(6), 1415-1426.
Ding, W., Franke, D., Li, J., & Steuer, S. (2013). Seismic stratigraphy and tectonic structure
from a composite multi-channel seismic profile across the entire Dangerous Grounds, South China Sea. Tectonophysics, 582, 162-176.
Expedition 349 Scientists, 2014. South China Sea tectonics: opening of the South China Sea
and its implications for southeast Asian tectonics, climates, and deep mantle processes since the late Mesozoic. International Ocean Discovery Program Preliminary Report, 349.
Franke, D., Barckhausen, U., Baristeas, N., Engels, M., Ladage, S., Lutz, R., ... & Schnabel,
M. (2011). The continent-ocean transition at the southeastern margin of the South China Sea. Marine and petroleum Geology, 28(6), 1187-1204.
Franke, D. (2013). Rifting, lithosphere breakup and volcanism: comparison of magma-poor
and volcanic rifted margins. Marine and Petroleum geology, 43, 63-87.
Franke, D., Savva, D., Pubellier, M., Steuer, S., Mouly, B., Auxietre, J. L., … & Chamot-
Rooke, N. (2014). The final rifting evolution in the South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 58, 704-720.
Hall, R. (1996). Reconstructing Cenozoic SE Asia. Geological Society, London, Special
Publications, 106(1), 153-184.
Hayes, D. E., Nissen, S. S., Buhl, P., Diebold, J., Bochu, Y., Zeng, W., & Chen, Y. (1995).
Throughgoing crustal faults along the northern margin of the South China Sea and their role in crustal extension. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978–2012), 100(B11), 22435-22446.
Hutchison, C. S., & Vijayan, V. R. (2010). What are the Spratly islands?.Journal of Asian
Earth Sciences, 39(5), 371-385.
Hsu, S. K., Yeh, Y. C., Doo, W. B., & Tsai, C. H. (2004). New bathymetry and magnetic
lineations identifications in the northernmost South China Sea and their tectonic
implications. Marine Geophysical Researches, 25(1-2), 29-44.
Jahn, B. M., Chen, P. Y., & Yen, T. P. (1976). Rb-Sr ages of granitic rocks in southeastern
China and their tectonic significance. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 87(5), 763-776.

Li, C. F., Zhou, Z., Li, J., Hao, H., & Geng, J. (2007). Structures of the northeasternmost
South China Sea continental margin and ocean basin: geophysical constraints and tectonic implications. Marine Geophysical Researches, 28(1), 59-79.
Li, C. F., Zhou, Z., Li, J., Chen, B., & Geng, J. (2008). Magnetic zoning and seismic structure
of the South China Sea ocean basin. Marine Geophysical Researches, 29(4), 223-238.
Li, C. F., Shi, X., Zhou, Z., Li, J., Geng, J., & Chen, B. (2010). Depths to the magnetic layer
bottom in the South China Sea area and their tectonic implications. Geophysical Journal International, 182(3), 1229-1247.
Li, C., & Song, T. (2012). Magnetic recording of the Cenozoic oceanic crustal accretion and
evolution of the South China Sea basin. Chinese Science Bulletin, 57(24), 3165-3181.
Li, C. F., Li, J., Ding, W., Franke, D., Yao, Y., Shi, H., ... & Zhao, X. (2015). Seismic
stratigraphy of the central South China Sea basin and implications for neotectonics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(3), 1377-1399.
Nissen, S. S., Hayes, D. E., Buhl, P., Diebold, J., Bochu, Y., Zeng, W., & Chen, Y. (1995).
Deep penetration seismic soundings across the northern margin of the South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978–2012), 100(B11), 22407-22433.
Pin, Y., Di, Z., & Zhaoshu, L. (2001). A crustal structure profile across the northern
continental margin of the South China Sea. Tectonophysics, 338(1), 1-21.
Sibuet, J. C., Hsu, S. K., Le Pichon, X., Le Formal, J. P., Reed, D., Moore, G., & Liu, C. S.
(2002). East Asia plate tectonics since 15 Ma: constraints from the Taiwan region. Tectonophysics, 344(1), 103-134.
Taylor, B., & Hayes, D. E. (1980). The tectonic evolution of the South China Basin. The
tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands, 89-104.
Taylor, B., & Hayes, D. E. (1983). Origin and history of the South China Sea basin. The
Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands: Part 2, 23-56.
Tapponnier, P., Peltzer, G., Le Dain, A. Y., Armijo, R., & Cobbold, P. (1982). Propagating
extrusion tectonics in Asia: new insights from simple experiments with plasticine. Geology, 10(12), 611-616.
Wang, T. K., Chen, M. K., Lee, C. S., & Xia, K. (2006). Seismic imaging of the transitional
crust across the northeastern margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics, 412(3), 237-254.
Xu, Y., Wei, J., Qiu, H., Zhang, H., & Huang, X. (2012). Opening and evolution of the South
China Sea constrained by studies on volcanic rocks: Preliminary results and a research design. Chinese Science Bulletin, 57(24), 3150-3164.
Yan, P., Deng, H., Liu, H., Zhang, Z., & Jiang, Y. (2006). The temporal and spatial
distribution of volcanism in the South China Sea region. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27(5), 647-659.
Yeh, Y. C., Sibuet, J. C., Hsu, S. K., & Liu, C. S. (2010). Tectonic evolution of the
Northeastern South China Sea from seismic interpretation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978–2012), 115(B6).
Zhou, X. M., & Li, W. X. (2000). Origin of Late Mesozoic igneous rocks in Southeastern
China: implications for lithosphere subduction and underplating of mafic magmas. Tectonophysics, 326(3), 269-287.




中文部分：
塗書琳，2010，利用疊前深度移位處理技術探討台灣西南海域天然氣水合物之分布特
　　　性與飽和度。國立台灣大學海洋研究所碩士論文。共92頁。