臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　在程序控制中控制器參數的調諧對於一控制系統的穩定與否扮演著極度重要的角色，但大多數的操作者根據個人經驗選擇調諧參數的方法，卻很少去探討應用該組控制器參數的系統穩定度是否合理。事實上，系統的應答表現和穩定度是無法同時追求到最佳的，要有比較高的穩定度就必須犧牲應答表現。期望研究能開發一方便使用的極圖與應答圖繪製系統，使用者在程式中輸入程序模式與控制器參數，系統自動繪製極圖並算出増益邊距與相位邊距以供使用者判斷系統的穩定度，亦能繪製應答圖以供瞭解應答表現。
　　本模擬程式利用微軟公司免費提供的VB2005程式語言作為開發的工具。程式的架構是先將程序中之振幅比及相位求出，進一步地再繪出其極圖及應答曲線圖，最後再設計人性化視窗使得使用者更容易去輸入控制器參數、選擇控制程序及控制器，並由此兩圖得知所設計的參數控制系統是否穩定，以求得最佳的控制器參數。
從本研究成果可知開發的模擬程式除了可讓使用者了解改變不同的控制器參數會對系統造成何種影響，更進一步的提升使用者對控制器調諧的能力。

In the process control, controller parameters tuning plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the system. However, most of the parameter tuning method was selected based on operator''s personal experience; But rare to discuss the rationality of system stability of application on the controller parameters. In fact, system response and system stability cannot be coexisting perfectly at the same time. We may have to make sacrifice for the system response to claim a higher stability. This research expects to develop not only expedient but also appropriate to use polar plot and response curve drawing system. When user input process model and controller parameter in the program, system shall automatically draw polar plot and calculate the gain margin and phase margin in order to provide user’s judgment on system stability and reach a better understanding on system response from response curve drawing.
In this simulation program, VB 2005 was used as a developing tool. The instruction of the program is that first, to calculate the amplitude ratio and phase leg of the process, second, draw the polar plot and response curve, the last, to design the windows-based for user to input the controller parameters and to chose control system and controller more easily. Furthermore, to know if the created controller parameter program is stable or not by those two drawings, and to find out the best controller parameters.
By virtue of this search result, we can find out that the developed monitor program can make user understand what the influences will be made by changing the various controller parameters, and promote users'' ability to manage the controller more effectively.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 文獻回顧 1
1.2 研究動機 1
1.3 章節安排 2
第二章 繪圖系統設計 3
2.1 前言 3
2.2 控制系統 3
2.3 極圖繪製之原理及公式 5
2.3.1 頻率應答之原理 5
2.3.2 振幅比與相位之求法 7
2.3.3 一次、二次和三次程序繪製極圖之計算公式 9
2.4 應答曲線圖繪製之原理及公式 12
第三章 繪圖系統介紹 16
3.1 前言 16
3.2 開頭畫面 16
3.3 主畫面介紹 16
3.4 輸入參數介紹 17
3.5 選擇程序模式及控制器之介紹 18
3.6 極圖繪製之介紹 20
3.7 應答曲線圖繪製之介紹 23
第四章 繪圖系統之操作與測試 27
4.1 前言 27
4.2 模擬範例 27
第五章 結論與未來展望 41
5.1 結論 41
5.2 未來展望 41
參考文獻 42
附錄 44
A PID實用型控制器動態應答公式推導 44
B 一次、二次、三次程序動態應答公式推導 46
B-1 一次帶遲延程序 46
B-2 二次帶遲延程序 47
符號說明 55

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