臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為瞭解發電機引擎於不同負載下使用純石化柴油(Fossil diesel，即D100)及於純石化柴油中添加廢食用油生質柴油(Waste cooking oil-based biodiesel，即W)時，對排氣細微粒(Fine particulate matter，簡稱PM2.5)上持久性有機污染物之影響，本研究探討發電機引擎於1.5及3.0 kW負載下使用純石化柴油及純石化柴油中分別添加20%及40%廢食用油生質柴油之混合油品(即W20；W40)時排氣 PM2.5上持久性有機污染物特性。研究結果顯示：發電機引擎1.5 kW及3.0 kW負載下使用D100時，其排氣PM2.5上PCDD/Fs、PCBs、PBDD/Fs及PBDEs質量濃度依序分別為2.15~3.65、16.7~35.4、25.8~46.5及303~440 pg/Nm3；而PM2.5上PCDD/Fs、PCBs及PBDD/Fs毒性濃度依序分別為0.282~0.527、0.038~0.051及0.064~0.093 pg WHO2005-TEQ/Nm3。與D100相較，兩負載下發電機引擎使用W20及W40時其排氣PM2.5 上PCDD/Fs、PCBs、PBDD/Fs及PBDEs質量及毒性濃度均有所降低；排氣PM2.5所測4種POPs質量濃度之降低量由高至低依序為PBDEs >> PBDD/Fs > PCBs > PCDD/Fs，而毒性濃度之降低量由高至低依序為PCDD/Fs > PBDD/Fs > PCBs。本研究結果顯示：回收之廢食用油除可作為發電機引擎之替代燃料外，亦可減少其排氣PM2.5對環境及人體健康危害。

In order to understand the impacts of emissions of fine particulate matter (abbreviated as PM2.5), we investigated the persistent organic pollutants emitted from a generator using fossil diesel (abbreviated as D100) and waste cooking oil-based biodiesel (abbreviated as W) at different engine loads. This study focused on the emission characteristics of PM2.5-bound persistent organic pollutants from the generator utilizing fossil diesel added with 20% and 40% waste cooking oil-based biodiesel (W20 and W40, respectively) as the fuels of generator at 1.5 and 3.0 kW loads. When using D100 at 1.5 and 3.0 kW loads, the mass concentrations of PM2.5-bound PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDD/Fs and PBDEs in engine exhaust were 2.15–3.65, 16.7–35.4, 25.8–46.5 and 303–440 pg/Nm3, respectively,; meanwhile, the corresponding TEQ concentrations of the above PM2.5-bound pollutants were 0.282–0.527, 0.038–0.051 and 0.064–0.093 pg WHO2005-TEQ/Nm3, respectively. In comparison with D100, the mass and TEQ emission concentrations of PM2.5-bound PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDD/Fs and PBDEs were all reduced for using the blends. The reductions of the mass concentrations in exhausted PM2.5 were in the order PBDEs >> PBDD/Fs > PCBs > PCDD/Fs, while the decrease in toxic concentration followed the order PCDD/Fs > PBDD/Fs > PCBs. The result showed that the recovered waste edible oil could be used as an alternative fuel for the generator engine to reduce the hazardous effects of PM2.5 emissions to the environment and human health.

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract III
謝誌 V
目錄 VI
表目錄 X
圖目錄 XII
第1章前言 1
1.1 研究源起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第2章文獻回顧 3
2.1 柴油引擎 3
2.1.1 柴油引擎簡介 3
2.1.2 柴油引擎工作原理 5
2.1.3 柴油引擎污染物排放特性 8
2.2 各POPs (PCDD/Fs、PCBs、PBDD/Fs、PBDEs)之物化特性 12
2.2.1 PCDD/Fs物化特性 12
2.2.2 PCBs物化特性 13
2.2.3 PBDD/Fs及PBDEs物化特性 16
2.3 各POPs(PCDD/Fs、PCBs、PBDD/Fs、PBDEs)對人體健康之影響 19
2.3.1 PCDD/Fs 19
2.3.2 PCBs 20
2.3.3 PBDD/Fs 22
2.3.4 PBDEs 23
2.4 生質柴油 24
2.4.1生質柴油發展與各國概況 24
2.4.2 生質柴油製造 26
2.4.3 生質柴油特性、優缺點及其優勢 27
第3章研究方法 30
3.1 採樣規劃 30
3.2 研究設備及採樣 31
3.2.1 柴油引擎及發電機規格 31
3.2.2 濾紙之淨化處理 32
3.2.3 試驗油品之製備 32
3.2.4 煙道採樣系統及採樣 34
3.3 微粒質量濃度分析 34
3.4 PCDD/Fs、PCBs、PBDD/Fs及PBDEs成分分析 35
3.4.1 樣品萃取 35
3.4.2 淨化程序 35
3.4.3 GC/MS參數設定 37
第4章結果與討論 38
4.1 排氣PM2.5上POPs濃度 38
4.1.1 排氣PM2.5上PCDD/Fs質量及毒性濃度 38
4.1.2排氣 PM2.5上PCBs質量及毒性濃度 46
4.1.3 排氣PM2.5 上PBDD/Fs質量及毒性濃度 54
4.1.4 排氣PM2.5 上PBDEs質量濃度 62
4.2 排氣PM2.5上 POPs 質量與毒性濃度比較 67
4.3 WCO-biodiesel對排氣PM2.5上POPs影響 70
4.3.1 對排氣PM2.5上PCDD/Fs影響 70
4.3.2 對排氣PM2.5上PCBs影響 71
4.3.3 對排氣PM2.5上PBDD/Fs影響 76
4.3.4 對排氣PM2.5上PBDEs影響 76
4.4 排氣PM2.5上POPs特徵剖面 77
4.4.1 排氣PM2.5上PCDD/Fs特徵剖面 77
4.4.2 排氣PM2.5上PCBs特徵剖面 77
4.4.3 排氣PM2.5上PBDD/Fs特徵剖面 78
4.4.4 排氣PM2.5上PBDEs特徵剖面 79
第5章 結論與建議 84
5.1 結論 84
5.2 建議 85
參考文獻 86
作者簡介 92

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