臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文是討論以電場驅動富勒烯寡聚化與液晶分子單層組裝，在富勒烯寡聚化的研究是以新穎的合成策略進行表面合成，透過苯三甲酸(trimesic acid, TMA)在高定向熱解石墨(highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, HOPG)表面自組裝形成多孔洞結構，以提供孔洞容納客體分子富勒烯(C84)，透過主客作用力捕捉客體分子。利用纖維紙以毛細現象吸取HOPG表面含有主客體分子的溶液，強迫富勒烯分子進入主體模板孔洞形成單層膜。藉由掃描穿隧顯微鏡(scanning tunneling microscope, STM)在HOPG表面與探針之間施加電場脈衝，誘導富勒烯單層膜進行[2+2]環化反應使富勒烯寡聚化。透過去除溶劑增加富勒烯分子在孔洞模板的密度形成富勒烯單層膜，富勒烯的排列方式與下層TMA模板的孔洞排列方式相同。單層膜寡聚化後富勒烯分子間距從1.7 nm縮短為1.4 nm。在掃描穿隧能譜觀察到寡聚化後LUMO半高寬由0.5增至0.6 eV，推測為寡聚化後增加分子間作用力，相鄰分子的分子能態重疊使能階變寬。在質譜量測中增加富勒烯二聚體及三聚體的訊號。富勒烯透過模板輔助形成單層膜進行反應的概念類似酵素催化反應，此研究證明模板孔洞可作為奈米尺度的化學反應槽概念，這是以往的文獻中沒有相關的例子。
關於電場驅動液晶分子單層組裝的研究，我們利用盤狀液晶分子dibenzo[a,c]phenazine的衍生物，是具有永久性平面方向分子內偶極的分子，在液固界面環境下可透過電場控制單層分子組裝並且改變電子傳遞效率。我們對於單層分子級的盤狀液晶分子提出控制晶相與電性量測的方法。未來有助於分析有機電子元件的缺陷。

The formation of covalent bonds between elementary units transforms the dimensions of building blocks and is envisaged an important bottom-up approach for the fabrication of nanomaterials and nanodevices. To facilitate bond formation, close proximity between reactants is required. In this research presentation, we present a template-assisted method in conjunction with a concentration-enrichment skill to obtain a fullerene monolayer for the subsequent fullerene oligomerization. The template was a two-dimensional porous framework, comprised of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (trimesic acid, TMA), in which the void space was able to accommodate fullerenes. Fullerene monolayers were subjected to a 10-μsec pulse of 4 volts or higher via an STM (scanning tunneling microscope) tip. STM images showed that the apparent nearest neighboring spacing was reduced from 1.7 nm to 1.4 nm. STS (scanning tunneling spectroscopy) revealed an increased LUMO FWHM from 0.5 eV to 0.6 eV, suggesting that the oligomerization took place and the fullerene of molecular states overlaped with those of neighboring molecules. MS spectra exhibited signals of oligomer dimer and trimer in m/z 2000 to 4000. The mechanism is ascribed to a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction.
The other part, we studied a discotic liquid crystalline (DLC) of dibenzo[a,c]phenazine at the liquid-solid interface using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, by which we show how to tailor the DLC assemblies and in turn their electron-transfer efficiency. We presents an alternative method for phase control and electronic measurements for DLCs, especially at the microscopic level.

目錄
口試委員會審定書 #
中文摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究背景介紹 3
1.2.1 表面合成的特色 4
1.2.2 STM探針誘導富勒烯聚合及聚合原理 4
1.2.3 其他富勒烯類聚合反應 7
1.2.4 主客化學：以主體分子形成模板容納客體分子富勒烯分子 10
1.2.5 以STM/STS研究C84的文獻 19
1.2.6 STM施加電壓脈衝之相關文獻 20
1.2.7 富勒烯背景介紹 23
1.3 研究動機 26
第二章 實驗部分 27
2.1 藥品及耗材 27
2.1.1 藥品 27
2.1.2 設備 27
2.2 儀器原理介紹 28
2.2.1 簡介掃描穿隧顯微鏡 28
2.2.2 穿隧效應 29
2.2.3 掃描穿隧顯微鏡之工作原理 31
2.2.4 掃描穿隧顯微鏡之操作模式 32
2.2.5 掃描穿隧能譜 33
2.2.6 鎖相放大器原理 36
2.3 實驗設備介紹與實驗步驟 38
2.3.1 掃描穿隧顯微鏡 38
2.3.2 動態訊號擷取卡 43
2.3.3 鎖相放大器介紹 45
2.4 實驗方法 47
2.4.1 操作方法及條件 47
2.4.2 電壓脈衝的施加 47
2.4.3 STS量測 47
2.4.4 設備架設 48
第三章 結果與討論 49
3.1 C84單層膜 49
3.1.1 TMA模板與C84溶液在模板上的去除溶劑效應 49
3.1.2 濃度效應與去除溶劑效應 52
3.2 施加電壓脈衝使C84寡聚化結果討論 55
3.2.1 電壓脈衝的寡聚化 55
3.2.2 寡聚電壓條件對於單層膜完整性的影響 62
3.2.3 較強電壓脈衝的寡聚化 65
3.2.4 較弱電壓脈衝的寡聚化 67
3.2.5 電壓脈衝位置對寡聚化的影響 69
3.2.6 電壓脈衝寡聚化的再現性 71
3.3 質譜鑑定C84單層膜與寡聚物 72
3.4 C84單層膜與寡聚物之掃描穿隧圖譜 77
第四章 結論 82
第五章 藉由STM/STS操控液晶分子單層組裝與電性量測 83
5.1 研究背景介紹 83
5.2 研究動機 86
第六章 結果與討論 87
6.1 分子結構與晶型 88
6.2 即時觀測晶型相轉變 94
6.3 STS量測結果 96
第七章 結論 98
第八章 參考文獻 99

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