臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現行國際海上貨物運輸法之領域中，「海牙規則」、「海牙維士比規則」和「漢堡規則」為目前之主要國際公約。而自漢堡規則生效，海牙規則所開創之國際海上貨物運輸法 統一化出現混亂。各公約係於不同之航運發展階段、代表不同利益之國家所締結，因此，對於運送人之責任原則、責任範圍、責任限制等問題之規定亦存有相異點。加上在對國際公約或相應的國內法的解釋上，不同的國家或法系之間也存在著差異。
聯合國國際貿易法委員會委託國際海事委員會起草「國際海上貨物運輸統一法建議稿草案」。國際海事委員會於2002年1月製成海上貨物運輸法初稿，交由聯合國國際貿易法委員會下之運送法工作小組審議。聯合國大會於2008年12月11日通過UNCITRAL國際海上貨物運輸契約公約草案，並批准於2009年9月23日於荷蘭鹿特丹舉行簽約儀式，並將草案稱為「鹿特丹規則」。其立法結果能否超越海牙、海牙威士比規則及漢堡規則之立法思維，值得觀察。儘管鹿特丹規則吸收三個國際公約和其他相關海上貨物運輸法之規定，就運送人的責任基礎、責任期間和責任限制等制度作了統一規定，但同前面三個公約一樣，該草案也是各方利益妥協的產物，而且其中許多條款，仍存在不同程度的爭議。
隨著鹿特丹規則的制定，運送人責任之立法，對於航運市場的發展，處於舉足輕重的重要關鍵。本論文即針對各個國際海上貨物運送公約之適用效果與鹿特丹規則對有關運送人責任之相關規定作比較分析，了解責任制度在解釋適用中存在的問題，以目前國際海上貨物運輸領域中的三個主要國際公約－「海牙規則」、「海牙維士比規則」、「漢堡規則」－為基礎，並配合聯合國國際貿易法委員會修訂「鹿特丹規則」之相關內容加以說明，並且蒐集其各類官方文獻與網站、相關學者之專書論著、與此領域相關專家之學術論文、期刊文章等書面資料，加以閱讀、理解並將之分析歸類，以了解國際海上貨物運送人責任制度之源起、演進與內容，說明國際海上貨物運送的法律制度下的運送人責任，來比較分析各種公約下責任制度之異同。希冀透過這樣的一個問題探討，更能清楚釐清國際海上貨物運送人責任制度有關之法律制度所該努力的方向。對二十一世紀運送人責任制度的統一化發展，盼能為日後之相關法律問題提出拙見，其能為國際海上貨物運送人責任制度問題之參考。

The United Nations General Assembly adopted the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea on 11 December 2008, and authorized the opening for signature of the Convention on 23 September 2009 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. It recommended that the rules embodied in the Convention be known as "The Rotterdam Rules."
Since 2002, the Working Group on Transport Law of UNCITRAL cooperated with international inter-governmental and non-governmental organizations to prepare a legislative text on issues relating to the international carriage of goods. The draft Convention was prepared over thirteen sessions of the Working Group from April 2002 to January 2008, and was approved by UNCITRAL in July 2008.And then it was sent to the General Assembly for adoption at its current 63 rd session.
The new project of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) was designed to develop a new international convention to replace the UN Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea (commonly known as the Hamburg Rules), the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bill of Lading, 1924(commonly known as the Hague Rules) and Protocol to Amend the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading, 1968 (commonly known as the Hague Visby Rules). If the project can be successful adopted, the new convention will supersede these three popular liability regimes.
The Rotterdam Rules aims to create a contemporary and uniform law providing for modern door-to-door container transport including an international maritime transport, but not limited to port-to-port carriage of goods. The question of whether the Rotterdam Rules should apply only to sea-carriage port-to-port or also to multimodal transport involving sea-carriage was of considerable importance and persisted to be the particularly debatable subject during the period of drafting convention. The current framework of international multimodal transport is complex and fragmented. At the same time, the proportion of multimodal transport is growing exponentially. The Rotterdam Rules seeks to address this situation by extending a substantively maritime liability regime, prepared by representatives of only the maritime sector, to all multimodal contracts involving a sea-leg. And also, there are many innovative features contained in the Convention, including provisions allowing for electronic transport records, and other features to fill the perceived gaps in existing transport regimes.
In sharp contrast with the previous international maritime transport conventions, the Rotterdam Rules was made its coverage defining by the contract of carriage. This is expected to be of substantial benefit for shippers, particularly those in developing and least-developed countries, which are consumers of transportation services. It is expected that harmonization and modernization of the legal regime in this area, which in many countries dates back to the 1920s or earlier, will lead to an overall reduction in transaction costs, increased predictability when problems are encountered, and greater commercial confidence when doing business internationally.
Due to the Rotterdam Rules has been drawn up; the liability regime of carriers plays a decisive role in the field of maritime transportation. This article makes an attempt to analyze the carriers’ liability regime of the maritime transport system with the three traditional international liability regimes and the new convention.
The last but not the least, the point of this article is to clarify the difference between the liability regimes of carriers of those conventions. And deeply hope to find the perfect solution between theories and practice under the Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea.

目次
相關國際條約與文件中英文對照表 XI
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機和目的 1
第二節 研究方法 4
第三節 文獻探討 5
第四節 預期結果 6
第二章 國際海上貨物運送人責任規範之歷史發展 7
第一節 序言 7
第二節 哈特法案 7
第三節 海牙規則 8
第四節 海牙威士比規則 11
第五節 漢堡規則 13
第六節 聯合國國際貨物複合運輸公約 18
第七節 鹿特丹規則 21
第三章 國際海上貨物運送人之定義與適用範圍 27
第一節 序言 27
第二節 運送人於海牙規則中之定義與適用範圍 27
第三節 運送人於海牙威士比規則中之定義與適用範圍 29
第四節 運送人於漢堡規則中之定義與適用範圍 31
第五節 運送人於聯合國國際貨物複合運輸公約中之定義與適用範圍 34
第六節 運送人於鹿特丹規則中之定義與適用範圍 36
第四章 國際海上貨物運送人責任之國際立法與演進 45
第一節 序言 45
第二節 普通法與民法 46
第三節 海上貨物運送人之責任原則 47
第一項 絕對責任原則 47
第二項 嚴格責任原則 48
第三項 過失責任原則與推定過失責任原則 49
第四節 國際海上貨物運送人之責任原則 50
第一項 哈特法案 50
第二項 海牙及海牙威士比規則 52
第三項 漢堡規則 54
第五節 國際複合運送公約中經營人之責任制度 54
第一項 國際貨物複合運送主體的特殊性 55
第二項 國際複合運送經營人責任的形式 56
第六節 鹿特丹規則之責任原則 60
第一項 鹿特丹規則之一般責任原則 60
第二項 鹿特丹規則之複合運輸責任原則 67
第三項 各國意見 68
第五章 國際海上貨物運送人之責任期間 71
第一節 序言 71
第二節 海牙規則下的責任期間 71
第三節 漢堡規則下之責任期間 73
第四節 聯合國國際複合運輸公約之責任期間 76
第五節 鹿特丹規則下之責任期間 77
第六章 國際海上貨物運送人之義務與責任限制 83
第一節 序言 83
第二節 海牙規則下之運送人義務與責任限制 84
第三節 海牙威士比下之運送人之義務與責任限制 88
第四節 漢堡規則下運送人之義務與責任限制 90
第五節 聯合國國際貨物複合運送公約中經營人之義務與責任限制 91
第六節 鹿特丹規則下運送人之義務與責任限制 93
第七章 結論 101
第一項 已開發國家 101
第二項 開發中與未開發國家 102
第三項 海運國家 103
第四項 陸運國家 104
第五項 結語 105
參考文獻與相關書目 111
附錄 I
DRAFT CONVENTION ON CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF GOODS WHOLLY OR PARTLY BY SEA I

一、中文文獻(按作者姓氏筆劃排列)
專書：
1.William Tetley著，張永堅等譯，國際海商法International Maritime AND Admiralty Law，北京，法律出版社，2005年12月。
2.司玉琢，新編海商法學，大連市，大連海事大學出版，2005年11月。
3.司玉琢等主編，國際海事立法趨勢及對策研究，北京，法律出版社，2002年。
4.李章軍，國際海運運送人責任制度之研究，北京，法律出版社，2006年9月。
5.法學教材編輯部編審，海商法學，北京，法律出版社出版，1991年一版四刷。
6.施智謀，海商法專題研究，作者自行，民國75年7月。
7.柯澤東，最新海商法貨物運送責任篇，元照出版社，民國90年元月修訂。
8.韋經建主編，中國商法系列之五－海商法，吉林人民出版社出版，1994年7月一版。
9.桂裕，海商法新論，正中書局，民國73年10月。
10.張東亮，海商法新論，五南圖書公司，民國72年6月。
11.張新平，海商法專題研究，月旦出版公司，民國84年2月。
12.梁字賢，海商法精義，自行出版，民國90年11月修訂再版。
13.游啟忠，海商法國際公約集，五南圖書出版，民國89年1月。
14.程學文，英國1992年海上貨物運送法，作者自版，民國83年8月。
15.賀萬忠，國際貨物多式聯運法律問題研究，北京，法律出版社，2001年11月。
16.楊仁壽，海上貨損索賠，台北，三民書局，民國81年2月。
17.楊仁壽，海牙威士比規則，台北，三民書局，民國89年9月。
18.楊仁壽，漢堡規則，台北，三民書局，民國79年12月。
19.劉宗榮，論複合運輸經營人責任制度及其影響，台北，三民書局，民國80年3月。
20.賴來焜，新海商法論，台北，學林文化事業股份有限公司出版，民國89年1月。
21.韓立新、王秀芬編譯；付國民、徐慶嶽審，各國（地區）海商法彙編（下卷），大連市，大連海事大學出版，2003年11月。
學位論文：
1.方凱弘，海上貨物運送人責任之法律經濟分析－以航海過失免責條款為中心，國立臺灣海洋大學海洋法律研究所碩士論文，民國95年6月。
2.王慶，論實際運送人的法律制度，大連海事大學碩士論文，2002年1月。
3.伍安泰，海上貨物運送人強制責任期間之研究，國立台灣海洋大學海洋法律研究所碩士論文，民國95年6月。
4.何兆謙，從實務觀點論複合運送之責任制度~以美國經驗為中心~，天主教輔仁大學法律系碩士論文，民國95年1月。
5.周仕傑，海上貨物運送人交付義務之研究，東吳大學法律學研究所碩士論文，民國76年1月。
6.林青怡，從CMI/UNCITRAL草案論析海上貨物運送履行輔助人責任，國立臺灣海洋大學　海洋法律研究所碩士論文，民國93年12月。
7.姜照斌，國際物流產業相關法律問題之研究，東吳大學法律學系研究所碩士論文，民國92年7月。
8.孫瑩，論海上貨運人責任制度的國際法律統一，武漢大學國際法碩士論文，2003年6月。
9.張秉欽，海峽兩岸海商法運送契約之比較研究，中國文化大學法律學研究所碩士論文，民國91年5月。
10.梁志偉，國際海上貨物運送法之新趨勢－國際海事委員會運送法草案之研究，國立政治大學法律學研究所碩士論文，民國92年9月。
11.莊健平，UNCITRAL全部或一部為海運之國際貨物運送公約草案之研究 一以多式運送為中心一，國立政治大學法律研究所碩士論文，民國96年12月。
12.郭人華，國際複合運送之法律制度，東吳大學法學院法律系研究所碩士論文，民國97年7月。
13.陳曉鳴，複合運送人保險之研究，國立政治大學保險研究所碩士論文，民國85年7月。
14.華譫寧，海上貨物運送貨損求償舉證責任分配之研究，國立台灣海洋大學海洋法律研究所碩士論文，民國94年9月。
15.楊炳禎，國際複合運輸之研究－由國際立法運動探討運送人之責任－，國立台灣大學碩士論文，民國72年6月。
16.謝震輝，UNCITRAL“運輸法草案”中承運人責任體系研究，上海海運學院國際法學碩士學位論文，2003年10月。
17.簡國棟，論複合運送經營人之法律地位與責任，國立臺灣海洋大學海洋法律研究所碩士論文，民國93年11月。
18.藍翠玉，國際海上貨物運輸統一法的承運人責任制度的演變，吉林大學碩士學位論文，2007年3月。
期刊：
1.Alexander von Ziegler著，郭雪瑩等譯，「國際海上運輸領域統一法律的必要性以及對CMI和UNCITRAL的挑戰」，中國海商法年刊（大陸），2001年第11卷。
2.王泉水，「第三講-單一運輸方式的國際公約」，多式聯運講座（大陸），2003年第2期。
3.王泉水，「第四講-多式聯運公約」，多式聯運講座（大陸），2003年第6期至第9期。
4.司玉琢，「國際貨物運輸立法的新發展——評CMI運輸法框架文件」，海事法律（大陸），2002年1月。
5.司玉琢、朱作賢，「論海牙規則「首要義務」原則－兼評運輸法運送人責任基礎條款」，中國海商法年刊（大陸），2002年第13卷。
6.林一山，「以比較法觀點談國際貨物運送中運送人的責任」，中華民國海運月刊，第173期，民國89年5月。
7.林群弼，「船舶適航能力之研究」，臺北大學法學論叢，第46期，民國89年6月。
8.邵良娥，「承運人和實際承運人的區分」，珠江水運（大陸），2007年4月。
9.邱錦添，「兩岸海商法複合運送（又稱多式聯營運送）規定之比較」，全國律師雜誌，民國90年1月。
10.邱錦添，「複合運輸經營人責任制度兼述兩岸複合運輸規定之比較」，法令月刊，第55卷第4期，民國93年4月。
11.姜照斌，「複合運輸經營人責任制度之現況與未來發展趨勢-兼評我國相關法規」，東吳法研論集，創刊號，民國94年4月。
12.柯澤東，「1992年大陸海商法海上貨物運送責任制度之探討」，萬國法律，第100期，民國87年8月。
13.柯澤東，「我國新海商法「貨物運送人責任制度」論析」，萬國法律，第106期，民國88年8月。
14.柯澤東，「海商法演進之回顧與前瞻」，萬國法律第104期，民國88年4月。
15.柯澤東，「海商法演進之回顧與前瞻-邁入新世紀國際同化之理想與困境-續-」，萬國法律，第105期，民國88年6月。
16.柯澤東，「新海商法溯源--實體統一國際公約對我國海商法修正之影響」，月旦法學，第60期，民國89年5月。
17.紀榮泰，「淺論國際貨物複合運輸的法律問題」，現代財經（大陸），2000年第8期第20卷。
18.馬得懿，「海上貨物運輸法統一化略論」，海南大學學報人文社會科學版（大陸），第24卷第1期，2006年3月。
19.常子軒，「論國際海上貨物運輸的法律衝突」，天津大學學報社會科學版（大陸），第3卷第3期，2001年9月。
20.康復明，「複合運輸國際新趨勢與海峽兩岸適用」，法官協會雜誌，第8卷第1期，2006年6月。
21.郭萍、李曉楓，「論海運承運人單位賠償責任限制所涵蓋的損失類型－兼對UNCITRAL《運輸法》（草案）的評論」，中國海商法年刊（大陸），2007年第17卷。
22.郭瑜，「論海上貨物運輸中的實際承運人制度」，法制與社會發展（大陸）， 2000年第3期。
23.曾文瑞，「兩岸海上保險代位權之比較探討兼論我國對於複合運送與旅行輔助人之保險代為問題」，航運季刊，第9卷第4期，民國89年12月。
24.程鐵，「現代物流與國際多式聯運之關聯」，南通航運職業技術學院學報（大陸），第4卷第1期，2005年3月。
25.蔣躍川，「論權利轉讓—評《UNCITRAL運輸法草案》關於權利轉讓的規定」，中國海商法年刊（大陸），2003年第14卷。
26.羅俊瑋，電報交付貨物與海上貨運單之使用，海員月刊第642期，民國96年4月。
27.饒瑞正，「我國複合運輸法制之研究與建議」，月旦法學雜誌，第83期，民國91年4月。
28.顧舟一，「實際承運人與承運人的識別與責任分擔」，中國水運（大陸），第6卷第10期，2006年10月。
二、外文文獻(按作者姓氏筆劃排列)
Books:
1.CHIA-JUI CHENG, BASIC DOCUMENTS ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW, KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL, (3rd ed. 1999).
2.CHRISTOF F. LUDDEKE, ANDREW JOHNSON, THE HAMBURG RULES: FROM HAGUE TO HAMBURG VIA VISBY, LLOYD’S OF LONDON PRESS, (2nd ed. 1995)
3.CHRISTOF F. LUDDEKE,GRAEME BOWLES, MARINE CLAIMS; AGUIDE FOR THE HANDLING AND PREVENTION OF MARINE CLAIMS, LLOYD’S OF LONDON PRESS, (2nd ed. 1996).
4.COMITIE MARITIME INTERNATIONAL, YEARBOOK 2007-2008.
5.HUGH M. KINDRED & MARY R. BROOKS, MULTIMODEL TRANSPORT RULES, KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL, (1997).
6.JOHN F. WILSON, CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA, FINANCIAL TIMES PITMAN PUBLISHING, (3rd ed. 1998).
7.PETER JONES, FIATA LEGAL HANDBOOK ON FORWARDING, (2nd ed., 1993).
8.W. E. ASTLE, INTERNATIONAL CARGO CARRIER’S LIABILITIES, FAIRPLAY PUBLICATIONS Ltd. (1983).
9.W. E. ASTLE, THE HAMBURG RULES, FAIRPLAY PUBLICATIONS Ltd. (1981).
10.WILLIAM TETLEY, MARINE CARGO CLAIMS, YVON BLIAS, (3rd ed. 1989).
Journals and Articles:
1.Boris. Kozolchky, Evolution and Present State of the Ocean Bill of Lading form a Banking Law Perspective, Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce, Vol. 23, No. 2, (1992).
2.Debattista Charles, The CMI/UNCITRAL Cargo Liability Regime: Regulation for the 21st Century? , Lloyd’s Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly, Part 3, (2002).
3.Gertjan van der Ziel, The Legal Underpinning of E-Commerce in Maritime Transport by the UNCITRAL Draft Instrument on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, 9 Journal of International Maritime Law 461, (2003).
4.Hannu Honka, "The Legislative Future of Carriage of Goods by Sea. Could It Not Be the UNCITRAL Draft? An Academic's View", UNCITRAL paper, (2002). http://folk.uio.no/erikro/WWW/cog/cog.html.
5.Jose M. Alcantara, The new regime and multimodal transport, Lloyd’s Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly, Part 3, (2002).
6.Kathleen K. Charvet and Heather A. Waterman, Recent Developments in Maritime Law, 28 Tulane Maritime Law Journal 375, (2004).
7.KF Haak and MAIH Hoeks, Arrangements of Intermodal Transport in the Field of Conflicting Conventions, 10 Journal of International Maritime Law 422, (2004).
8.Malcolm Clarke, A conflict of conventions: The UNCITRAL/CMI draft transport instrument on your doorstep, 9 Journal of International Maritime Law 29, (2003).
9.Michael E. Crowley, The Limited Scope of the Cargo Liability Regime Covering Carriage of Goods by Sea: The Multimodal Problem, Tulane Law Review Vol. 79, (2005).
10.Michael F. Sturley, Documents in the UNCITRAL Transport Law Project, 11 Journal of International Maritime Law 22, (2005).
11.Michael F. Sturley, Liability for Delay under UNCITRAL’s Proposed Transport Law Convention, 4 Benedict’s Maritime Bulletin 108, (2006).
12.Michael F. Sturley, Phantom Carriers and UNCITRAL’s Proposed Transport Law Convention, Lloyd’s Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly 426, (2006).
13.Michael F. Sturley, Scope of Coverage under the UNCITRAL Draft Instrument, 10 Journal of International Maritime Law 138, (2004).
14.Michael F. Sturley, The History of COGSA and the Hague Rules, 22 Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 1 ,(1991).
15.Michael F. Sturley, The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law’s Transport Law Project: An Interim View of a Work in Progress, 39 Texas International Law Journal 65, (2003).
16.Michael F. Sturley, Uniformity in the Law Governing the Carriage of Goods by Sea, 26 Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce 553, (1995).
17.Regina Asariotis, Draft Instrument on Transport Law: An Update on Proceedings at UNCITRAL Working Group, 9 Journal of International Maritime Law 400, (2003).
18.Regina Asariotis, Important Developments in Transport Law, 9 Journal of International Maritime Law 181, (2003).
19.S. I. Strong, Liability beyond the tackles, Lloyd’s Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly, Part 3, (2005).
20.William Driscoll & Paul B. Larsen, The Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods, Tulane Law Review, Vol. 57, No. 2, (1982).
21.William H. Theis, Third-party beneficiaries in multimodal contracts of carriage. Norfolk Southern Railway Co. v. James N. Kirby, Pty Ltd., 125 S. Ct. 385, 2004 AMC 2705（2004）, Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce, Vol. 36, No.2, (2005).
22.William Tetley, "Jurisdiction Clauses and Forum Non Conveniens in the Carriage of Goods by Sea", Jurisdiction and Forum Selection in International Maritime Law. Essays in Honor of Robert Force (Martin Davies, ed.), Kluwer Law International, Chapter 6 at pp. 183-263, (2005).
23.William Tetley, Maritime Law as a Mixed Legal System, 23 Tulane Maritime Law Journal, (1999).
24.William Tetley, Reform of Carriage of Goods. The UNCITRAL Draft & SENATE COGSA '99, Tulane Maritime Law Journal, Vol. 28, (2003).
25.William Tetley, The Proposed New United States Senate COGSA: The Disintegration of Uniform International Carriage of Goods by Sea Law, 30 Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce 595, 1999.
Documents:
1.A/63/17 - Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
2.A/CN.9/658 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
3.A/CN.9/658/Add.1 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
4.A/CN.9/658/Add.2 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
5.A/CN.9/658/Add.3 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
6.A/CN.9/658/Add.4 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
7.A/CN.9/658/Add.5 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
8.A/CN.9/658/Add.6 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
9.A/CN.9/658/Add.7 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
10.A/CN.9/658/Add.8 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
11.A/CN.9/658/Add.9 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
12.A/CN.9/658/Add.10 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
13.A/CN.9/658/Add.11 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
14.A/CN.9/658/Add.12 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
15.A/CN.9/658/Add.13 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
16.A/CN.9/658/Add.14 - Draft convention on contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea: Compilation of comments by Governments and intergovernmental organizations, Commission Sessions 41st session, 16 June - 3 July 2008, New York.
17.A/CN.9/645 - Report of Working Group III (Transport Law) on the work of its, 21st session, 14-25 January 2008, Vienna.
18.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.101 - Transport Law: Draft convention on the carriage of goods [wholly or partly] [by sea], 21st session, 14-25 January 2008, Vienna.
19.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.100 - Annotated provisional agenda, 21st session, 14-25 January 2008, Vienna.
20.A/CN.9/642 - Report of Working Group III (Transport Law) on the work of its twentieth session, 20th session, 15-25 October 2007, Vienna.
21.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.92 - Annotated provisional agenda, 20th session, 15-25 October 2007, Vienna.
22.A/CN.9/621 - Report of Working Group III (Transport Law) on the work of its nineteenth session, 19th session, 16-27 April 2007, New York.
23.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.80 - Annotated provisional agenda, 19th session, 16-27 April 2007, New York.
24.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.81 - Transport Law: Draft convention on the carriage of goods [wholly or partly] [by sea], 19th session, 16-27 April 2007, New York.
25.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.71 - Annotated provisional agenda, 18th session, 6-17 November 2006, Vienna.
26.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.78 - Transport Law: Preparation of a draft convention on the carriage of goods [wholly or partly] [by sea] - Relation with other conventions, 18th session, 6-17 November 2006, Vienna.
27.A/CN.9/616 - Report of Working Group III (Transport Law) on the work of its eighteenth session, 18th session, 6-17 November 2006, Vienna.
28.A/CN.9/594 - Report of Working Group III (Transport Law) on the work of its seventeenth session, 17th session, 3-13 April 2006, New York.
29.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.60 - Annotated provisional agenda, 17th session, 3-13 April 2006, New York.
30.A/CN.9/591/Corr.1 - Report of Working Group III (Transport Law) on the work of its sixteenth session: Corrigendum, 16th session, 28 November - 9 December 2005, Vienna.
31.A/CN.9/591 - Report of Working Group III (Transport Law) on the work of its sixteenth session, 16th session, 28 November - 9 December 2005, Vienna.
32.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.48 - Annotated provisional agenda, 16th session, 28 November - 9 December 2005, Vienna.
33.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.49 - Transport Law: Preparation of a draft instrument on the carriage of goods [wholly or partly] [by sea] - Jurisdiction and Arbitration: Information presented by the Danish delegation at the fifteenth session, 16th session, 28 November - 9 December 2005, Vienna.
34.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.50/Rev.1 - Transport Law: Preparation of a draft instrument on the carriage of goods [wholly or partly] [by sea] - Right of Control: Information presented by the Norwegian delegation, 16th session, 28 November - 9 December 2005, Vienna.
35.A/CN.9/576 - Report of Working Group III (Transport Law) on the work of its fifteenth session, 15th session, 18-28 April 2005, New York.
36.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.43 - Annotated provisional agenda, 15th session, 18-28 April 2005, New York.
37.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.44 - Transport Law: Preparation of a draft instrument on the carriage of goods [wholly or partly] [by sea] - Scope of Application Provisions, 15th session, 18-28 April 2005, New York.
38.A/CN.9/572 - Report of Working Group III (Transport Law) on the work of its fourteenth session, 14th session, 29 November - 10 December 2004, Vienna.
39.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.38 - Annotated provisional agenda, 14th session, 29 November - 10 December 2004, Vienna.
40.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.39 - Transport Law: Preparation of a draft instrument on the carriage of goods [wholly or partly] [by sea] - Provisional redraft of the articles of the draft instrument considered in the report of Working Group III on the work of its thirteenth session, 14th session, 29 November - 10 December 2004, Vienna.
41.A/CN.9/552 - Report of Working Group III (Transport Law) on the work of its thirteenth session, 13th session, 3-14 May 2004, New York.
42.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.36 - Transport Law: Preparation of a draft instrument on the carriage of goods [wholly or partly] [by sea] - Provisional redraft of the articles of the draft instrument considered in the Report of Working Group III on the work of its twelfth session, 13th session, 3-14 May 2004, New York.
43.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.35 - Provisional agenda, 13th session, 3-14 May 2004, New York.
44.A/CN.9/544 - Report of Working Group III (Transport Law) on the work of its twelfth session, 12th session, 6-17 October 2003, Vienna.
45.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.28/Add.1 - Preparation of a draft instrument on the carriage of goods [by sea] - Addendum to compilation of replies to a questionnaire on door-to-door transport and additional comments by States and international organizations on the scope of the draft instrument, 12th session, 6-17 October 2003, Vienna.
46.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.31/Corr.1 - Provisional agenda, 12th session, 6-17 October 2003, Vienna.
47.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.32 - Transport Law: Draft instrument on the carriage of goods [wholly or partly] [by sea], 12th session, 6-17 October 2003, Vienna.
48.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.33 - Transport Law: Preparation of a draft instrument on the carriage of goods [by sea] - Proposal by the Netherlands on the application door-to-door of the instrument, 12th session, 6-17 October 2003, Vienna.
49.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.31 - Provisional agenda, 12th session, 6-17 October 2003, Vienna.
50.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.24 - Provisional agenda, 11th session, 24 March - 4 April 2003 New York.
51.A/CN.9/526 - Report of Working Group III (Transport Law) on the work of its eleventh session, 11th session, 24 March - 4 April 2003 New York.
52.A/CN.9/525 - Report of Working Group III (Transport Law) on the work of its tenth session, 10th session, 16-20 September 2002, Vienna.
53.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.23 - Preliminary draft instrument on the carriage of goods [by sea] - Proposal by Canada, 10 th session, 16-20 September 2002, Vienna.
54.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.22 - Provisional agenda, 10th session, 16-20 September 2002, Vienna.
55.A/CN.9/510 - Report of the Working Group on Transport Law on the work of its ninth session, 9th session, 15-26 April 2002, New York.
56.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.21 - Transport Law - Preliminary draft instrument on the carriage of goods by sea, 9th session, 15-26 April 2002, New York.
57.A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.20 - Provisional agenda, 9th session, 15-26 April 2002, New York.
58.A/CN.9/497 - Possible future work on transport law, General Assembly 34th session, 25 June-13 July 2001, Vienna.
59.A/CN.9/109 - Comments by Governments and international organizations on the draft Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, 9th Session, 12 April - 7 May 1976, New York.
60.UNCTAD, Multimodal Transport: The Feasibility of an International Legal Instrument, 13 January 2003.
61.UNCTAD secretariat, Implementation of Multimodal Transport Rules, UNCTAD/SDTE/TLM/2, 25 June 2001.
62.UNCTAD/ ICC Rules for Multimodal Transport Documents, ICC Publication No. 481 (ICC, Paris, 1992).
三、Website 網站
1.聯合國國際經濟貿易發展委員會，http://www.unctad.org
2.聯合國國際貿易法委員會，http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/index.html
3.大連海事大學，http://www.dlmu.edu.cn/
4.Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide, http://www.admiraltylawguide.com/
5.Comité Maritime International, http://www.comitemaritime.org/
6.Tetley's Maritime and Admiralty Law, http://www.mcgill.ca/maritimelaw/
7.Shipping and Transport Case Notes, http://www.onlinedmc.co.uk/shipping_and_transport.htm
8.International Maritime Organization, http://www.imo.org/
9.International Association of Dry Cargo Shipowners, http://www.intercargo.org/
10.AdmiraltyLaw.com, http://www.admiraltylaw.com/
11.United Nations Treaty Collection, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/Home.aspx?lang=en
12.Scandinavian Institute of Maritime Law, http://folk.uio.no/erikro/WWW/cog/cog.html