臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為探討沉泥質砂土中傾斜多段錨碇式摩擦型地錨之錨碇行為，本文使用SHASOVOD模式(A Continuous Strain Hardening-Softening and Volumetric Dilatancy Model)配合FLAC3D軟體進行傾斜多段錨碇式摩擦型地錨之受力行為之數值分析，並以現場試驗結果驗證數值分析程式的適用性，再進行參數研究。
由研究過程發現，數值分析的結果與現場試驗的結果相近。傾斜多段錨碇式摩擦型地錨之錨碇力主要來自於摩擦力。兩段錨碇式地錨上方承載體位置選擇在距錨碇段底部6m處可得到最大錨碇力，三段錨碇式地錨之上半段承載體最佳位置為距中間承載體12m處。但即使在最佳的錨碇間距下，因發揮地錨各承載體尖峰拉拔力所需的位移量並不一致，因此地錨的錨碇力並不等於各承載體尖峰拉拔力之和。
無論是增加埋入深度、覆土深度或錨碇段長度皆可提升兩段錨碇式地錨之錨碇力，其中以增加錨碇段長度來提升錨碇力之效果為最佳，單位錨碇長度之錨碇力為60kN/m。但當兩段錨碇式地錨錨碇段長度超過30m之後，錨碇段周圍土壤的摩擦應力有漸進式降伏行為，造成錨碇力隨錨碇段長度呈凹向下的方式增加。此時可採用三段錨碇式地錨來克服兩段錨碇式地錨錨碇段長度之上限值。研究顯示，多段錨碇式地錨的承載體下方錨碇體承受拉力，因此錨碇段需採用雙重保護，以避免水泥漿體開裂衍生鋼絞線繡蝕的問題。

A continuous strain hardening-softening and volumetric dilatancy model named SHASOVOD, and FLAC3D software were adopted to study the anchorage behavior of inclined-multiple-anchorage anchors in silty sand. To enhance the applicability of numerical analyses, the results of field tests are compared with those from numerical analyses. After the calibration, parametric studies were then carried out by numerical analyses.
It was found that the numerical results are in a good agreement with those by field tests. The friction force dominates the anchorage capacity of a shaft multiple anchorage anchor. It can be inferred, the optimum position of the upper anchorage body is 6m form the bottom for a double-anchorage anchor. Moreover, for a triple-anchorage anchor, a distance of 12m is the best location for upper anchorage body from the middle one. Even though anchorage bodies were installed in the condition of optimum location, the anchorage capacity could not be the summation of the ultimate load of each anchorage body, this phenomenon is caused by carried load of each anchorage body do not reach peak values at same anchor displacement.
Whether embedded depth, overburden depth or fixed length of an anchor increased, the anchorage capacity of an anchor also increased. For a multiple-anchorage anchor, increasing fixed length should be the best choice to increase the anchorage capacity, ultimate load per unit fixed length was around 60kN/m. However, as the fixed length of a double-anchorage anchor is greater than 30m, the anchorage capacity per unit fixed length was decreased due to progressive yield of friction stress along fixed end. Instead, a triple anchorage methodology could be applied to conquer the progressive yield of above situation. A tension force was generated beneath the anchorage body, Hence the grouted body was cracked and led to an erosive steel strand. No utilization to a multiple-anchorage anchor is really complete without applying a double protection on fixed length.

目錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
照片目錄 XV
符號說明 XVI
第一章 導論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究動機 1
1.3研究方法 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1地錨之構造 4
2.2 地錨之分類 5
2.3 地錨錨碇行為 6
2.3.1 淺層地錨與深層地錨的分界 6
2.3.2 地錨之受力行為 8
2.3.3 面承力破壞模式 9
2.3.4 摩擦力破壞模式 11
2.3.5 地錨之錨碇力 12
2.3.6 地錨之荷重傳遞與摩擦力分佈情形 12
2.4 地錨錨碇行為之研究方法 14
2.4.1 模型試驗 14
2.4.2 現場試驗 15
2.4.3 極限平衡分析 16
2.4.4 數值分析 17
2.5 塑性模式 20
2.6傾斜地錨之相關研究 21
第三章 數值分析模式與步驟 25
3.1 數值分析模式 25
3.1.1 砂土之摩擦角 26
3.1.2 砂土的彈性模數與體積模數 27
3.1.3 砂土的應變硬化參數 28
3.1.4 砂土的應變軟化參數 28
3.1.5 砂土的膨脹參數 29
3.2 數值分析的基本假設 30
3.3 網格之建立 30
3.4 灌漿材料參數之選擇 31
3.5 模式應用於三軸試驗 31
3.6 邊界條件之選擇 32
3.7 數值分析步驟 34
第四章 現地地錨施工與分析模式的驗證 37
4.1 現地地錨施工 37
4.1.1地質概況與地錨配置 37
4.1.2 施工流程 37
4.1.3現地地錨試驗結果 39
4.2現場地錨之模擬分析 41
4.2.1數值分析參數 41
4.2.2數值分析之模擬結果 42
第五章 數值分析結果 44
5.1地錨拉拔力與位移之關係 44
5.2最小覆土深度與埋入深度之探討 46
5.3.1 兩段錨碇式地錨之最佳承載體間距 47
5.3.2荷重傳遞行為與摩擦應力分佈情形 48
5.4傾斜三段錨碇式地錨之錨碇行為 49
5.4.1 傾斜三段錨碇式地錨之最佳承載體間距 49
5.4.2荷重傳遞行為與摩擦應力分佈情形 50
5.5不同條件下地錨之錨碇行為 51
5.5.1不同埋入深度之影響 51
5.5.2不同覆土深度之影響 51
5.5.3不同錨碇段長度之影響 52
5.6地錨周圍土壤之降伏情況 53
5.6.1兩段錨碇式地錨周圍土壤之降伏狀況 53
5.6.2三段錨碇式地錨周圍土壤之降伏狀況 54
第六章 結論與建議 56
6.1結論 56
6.2建議 57
參考文獻 58

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