臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在過去，所有的交通號誌控制設計皆採用路邊感測器收集到的交通流參數作為時制計畫的輸入值；然而隨著智慧型運輸系統的整合與發展，藉由現代通訊科技，駕駛者的行車資訊未來可望輕易獲得。可蒐集交通資訊內容的改變，顯然將造成交通號誌控制設計上的變更。為了更有效率地利用這些可能產生的先進交通資訊，我們在此提供一個新的即時交通號誌控制方案，稱為同步綠燈帶寬分配設計（Simultaneous bandwidth allocation）。
設想一未來場景—交通號誌控制者和駕駛者皆擁有雙方完整交通資訊。我們所提出的同步綠燈帶寬分配設計，將每條街上每個路口的等候車輛數量當作輸入，並嘗試使區域都市格狀網路中給予綠燈的使用率達到最大。為了衡量綠燈選擇的績效，在這篇論文中我們提出數個系統績效指標值。
使用同步綠燈帶寬分配，遭遇到的最大問題就是綠燈的選擇機制，為了解決此問題，我們進一步將先前提出的績效指標值轉化為對應的綠燈帶寬選擇法。另外，為驗證動態同步綠燈帶寬分配設計是否可行，我們將之與一簡單交通流量變動規則結合，用以評斷不同綠燈選擇策略的績效。本論文內另一個重要參數為「交通流率總量」，考量不同交通流率總量的情況，可以發現當流率大於等待車輛的疏散率時，我們所提出的幾個綠燈帶寬選取設計結果皆相同。除此之外，在進入交通流率與離開疏散率相等時動態同步綠燈帶寬分配的指標表現最佳。

In the past, traffic signal control strategies always use the traffic patterns gathered as inputs to formulate their traffic signal timing plans. As Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) develop, travelers’ information may be collected through modern communication technology, and thus the types of traffic information are changed. To improve the efficient use of the possible advanced traffic information, a new real-time traffic signal control scheme, the simultaneous bandwidth allocation (SBA) design, is proposed.
A future scenario with perfect traffic information for both the traffic signal controller and travelers are considered. The design of simultaneous bandwidth allocation takes the queuing vehicles at each intersection of the street as inputs, and tries to maximize the utility of the given bandwidth on a local urban grid network. Several system performance indexes (PI) are also presented to examine the performance of the bandwidth selection.
The bandwidth selecting problem occurring in SBA is solved by different PI-based bandwidth selecting mechanisms. To test the feasibility of the dynamic SBA design, a simple flow changing algorithm is used to illustrate the performance of the proposed bandwidth selecting strategies. By applying different total flow rate conditions, it is found that the results of these bandwidth selecting approaches are the same once the flow rate equals or exceeds the dispersing rate of queuing vehicles. In addition, the dynamic SBA has its best performance on PIs when the incoming flow rate is equal to the dispersing rate.

Contents

摘要 I
ABSTRACT III
CONTENTS V
LIST OF FIGURES IX
LIST OF TABLES XIII
CHAPTER 1 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 MOTIVATION 1
1.2 CONTRIBUTION OF THE THESIS 3
1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS 4
CHAPTER 2 5
BACKGROUND OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL 5
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 6
2.1.1 Concept of Intelligent Transportation Systems 6
2.1.2 ITS Structures of America and Japan 7
2.1.2.1 Structures of ITS America 7
2.1.2.2 ITS Structures of Japan 10
2.2 INTRODUCTION TO TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL 12
2.2.1 Intersection Traffic Signal Timing Control 15
2.2.1.1 Fixed-time Control Strategies 15
2.2.1.2 Traffic-responsive Control Strategies 16
2.2.2 Coordinated Traffic Signal Timing Control 17
2.2.2.1 Fixed-time Control Strategies 17
2.2.2.2 Traffic-responsive Control Strategies 27
CHAPTER 3 33
PROBLEM FORMULATION 33
3.1 TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL WITH IDEAL ITS STRUCTURE 33
3.1.1 Two ITS Subsystems Related to Traffic Signal Control 34
3.1.2 Interaction between ATMS and ATIS 36
3.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 38
3.3 ASSUMPTIONS FOR TRAVELERS’ ROUTE DECISIONS 39
CHAPTER 4 41
DESIGN OF TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL STRATEGIES UNDER A PERFECT INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT 41
4.1 INFORMATION UNDER FULL COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT 42
4.1.1 The Communication Environment 42
4.1.2 The Content of Traffic Information 44
4.2 BANDWIDTH REDEFINITION 45
4.3 BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION FOR TWO-WAY ARTERIALS 49
4.4 SIMULTANEOUS BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION DESIGN WITH PERFECT INFORMATION 55
4.4.1 Bandwidth Allocation with Perfect Information 55
4.4.2 Simultaneous Bandwidth Allocation Design 57
4.4.3 Bandwidth Selecting Mechanisms for Simultaneous Bandwidth Allocation Design 70
4.4.3.1 Maximum BW utility Selection 70
4.4.3.2 Maximum STR Selection 72
4.4.3.3 Maximum/Minimum QPI Selection 74
4.4.4 Simultaneous Bandwidth Allocation Design under Dynamic Travelers’ Demands 82
CHAPTER 5 87
SIMULATION STUDY ON BW SELECTING MECHANISMS WITH DYNAMICAL FLOW CHANGING MODEL 87
5.1 SIMULATION ASSUMPTIONS AND PARAMETER SETTINGS 88
5.2 THE INFLUENCES OF DIFFERENT DBWS/LBWS INFORMATION 91
5.2.1 Simulation Results of Different DBWs Information 94
5.2.2 Simulation Results of Different LBWs Information 97
5.3 PERFORMANCES OF DIFFERENT PI-BASED BW SELECTING MECHANISMS 98
5.3.1 PI-based BW Selecting Mechanisms under Different Total Flow Constants 98
5.3.2 Steady States of Maximum BW utility/STR BW Selecting Mechanisms under Different Total Flow Constants 110
CHAPTER 6 115
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 115
6.1 CONCLUSION 115
6.2 FUTURE WORK 117
REFERENCES 119

References

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Review:
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Simulations:
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Website:
[54: ITS America]
ITS America, http://www.itsa.org/
[55: ITS Taiwan]
ITS Taiwan, http://www.its-taiwan.org.tw/
[56: ITS Japan]
ITS Japan, http://www.its-jp.org/