臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

1. α-胺基酸的不對稱合成：(1S)-(+)-3-蒈烯 (carene) 衍生之三環亞胺基內酯的合成及其應用
不論是蛋白質 (proteinogenic) 或是非蛋白質的 (nonproteinogenic) α-胺基酸在許多領域中一直是扮演著很重要的角色。因為它的重要性，所以關於α-胺基酸不對稱合成的方法因應而迅速發展。僅管這些方法能提供不錯的產率與鏡像超度值的α-胺基酸，但通常需在使用強鹼低溫下操作或者掌性輔助基回收率低抑或無法回收，限制了這些方法的應用性。因此，我們開發了一個新穎的蒈烯衍生之丙胺酸同等物 (equivalent) 三環亞胺基內酯50，可從(1S)-(+)-3-蒈烯由立體選擇性烯類之雙醇化反應、2-碘醯基苯甲酸氧化二級醇反應、三級醇之酯化反應、去保護以及其後的合環反應的方式被合成，總產率為79%。亞胺基內酯50與廣範圍的親電子試劑於室溫下在相轉移催化反應條件下表現出相當高的烷化反應性，得到高非鏡像選擇性 (>98% de) 及高單離產率 (86–94%) 的烷化產物。在烷化產物的鹼性水解反應後，可獲得良好產率 (83–91%) 之高光學純度的(S)-α-甲基-α-取代基-α-胺基酸並回收78–87%的掌性輔助基47。我們已成功地開發出蒈烯衍生的三環掌性亞胺基內酯，當將其應用於合成α-胺基酸時，可以在極為溫和與環保的反應條件下，得到極佳產率及光學純度之各式各樣的α,α-雙取代的α-胺基酸，對生化及醫學研究提供了有力的工具。

2. 醛類化合物的製備：開發以2-碘醯基苯甲酸氧化一級醇之實用方法
氧化醇類至相應之羰基化合物在有機合成中是一個相當重要的反應。因此，各種的氧化方式因應而蓬勃發展。然而，現有的氧化條件有些需在強酸下進行，有些則會將一級醇氧化至羧酸而無法停留在醛基。此外，有些氧化方法需要在嚴苛的反應條件下操作，例如：在低的反應溫度、使用惰性氣體、溶劑必須事先除水及使用對溼度高敏感、昂貴或對環境污染高之試劑等。因此，我們發展了一個溫和、對眾多官能基的耐受性高、選擇性高、易取得及在空氣與溼度穩定的2-碘醯基苯甲酸作為氧化試劑，在便宜與無污染性的醋酸存在下，將一級醇氧化至醛之簡單方法。添加醋酸可有效地加速氧化反應。在所使用的反應條件下，一級之脂肪醇、苯甲醇與丙烯醇可被以高產率 (90–97%) 轉變為醛類。我們所開發的是一個產率高、操作手續簡易、使用對環境衝擊小的試劑，由一級醇製備醛的實用方法。

1. Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Methyl-α-Amino Acids via Diastereoselective Alkylation of (1S)-(+)-3-Carene-derived Tricyclic Iminolactone
Either proteinogenic or nonproteinogenic α-amino acids play very important roles in many fields. Due to the importance of α-amino acids, numerous efficient methods for their asymmetric synthesis have been growing rapidly. Although these methods can provide good yields and enantiomeric excesses of α-amino acids, some of them suffered from requiring the use of strong bases under low temperatures or resulting in poor or no recovery of chiral auxiliaries, hence restricting the applicability of these methods. Herein, we report the development of a novel carene-based alanine-equivalent tricyclic iminolactone 50, which can be synthesized via stereoselective dihydroxylation of the double bond, IBX oxidation of the secondary alcohol, esterification of the tertiary alcohol, deprotection of the resulting ester, and subsequent cyclization from commercially available (1S)-(+)-3-carene in 79% overall yield. The iminolactone 50 demonstrated high reactivity toward alkylation with a wide range of electrophiles at room temperature under phase-transfer catalysis conditions. The alkylated products were produced with excellent diastereoselectivities (>98% de) in good isolated yields (86–94%). High yields (83–91%) of optically pure (S)-α-methyl-α-substituted-α-amino acids were obtained by basic hydrolysis of the dialkylated iminolactones with the recovery of the chiral auxiliary 47 (78–87%). A carene-derived tricyclic iminolactone and its application in asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids has been successfully established. α-Amino acids can be obtained in excellent chemical and optical yields under very mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions, providing a useful tool in biochemical and medical researches.

2. A Simple Method for the Oxidation of Primary Alcohols with 2-Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) in the Presence of Acetic Acid
Oxidation of primary alcohols into their corresponding aldehydes is a very important reaction in organic synthesis. However, some of the current processes are carried out under strong acidic conditions and some oxidations of primary alcohols can not stop at the aldehyde stage. Besides, some methods are performed under inconvenient conditions (low reaction temperatures, inert atmosphere, dry solvents, and expensive, contaminated or moisture-sensitive reagents). A convenient and effective method for converting primary alcohols to aldehydes is still in great demand. Herein, we use 2-iodoxybenzoic acid as the oxidizing agent in the presence of acetic acid to developing an efficient and simple method for conversion of primary alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes. Both 2-iodoxybenzoic acid and acetic acid are mild, environmentally benign, functional group tolerant, easily accessible and air- or moisture- stable reagents. Addition of acetic acid can significantly accelerate the reaction rate. Under these conditions, primary aliphatic, benzylic, and allylic alcohols are smoothly converted to aldehydes in high yields (90–97%). A wide range of primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes in excellent yields without further oxidizing to carboxylic acids demonstrating the usefulness of our method.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
壹、前言 1
(一)α-胺基酸的不對稱合成 1
(二)醛類化合物的製備 29
貳、結果與討論 32
(一)α-胺基酸的不對稱合成 32
(二)醛類化合物的製備 55
(三)後續研究 61
参、結論 63
肆、儀器與試劑 64
伍、實驗步驟 66
(一)α-胺基酸的不對稱合成 66
(二)醛類化合物的製備 99
陸、參考文獻 110

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