臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以針孔攝影原理為基礎，提出修正式相似三角形演算法建立一套垂直移動式單CCD光學量測系統，在CCD焦距允許的景深範圍內，設定鏡頭的兩個高度位置，並測量二個位置所對應的視野範疇值，以及擷取二個位置所對應的待測物影像資料，透過修正式相似三角形演算法即可求得特測物測量點的空間座標值。修正式相似三角形演算法是以簡單的線性方程式進行計算，優於一般量測系統較需要複雜座標轉換以及非線性計算。
本研究自製一個具有量測精度在0.5mm的簡單量具，可以同時用來測量CCD的視野範疇與景深，並可以計算CCD的焦距值。本研究探討環狀光源、待測物大小、測量點影像座標搜尋法與影像擷取卡輸出圖像解析度等因素對提升量測精度的影響，由實驗結果顯示除了環狀光源可以提升量測精度外，影像擷取卡所輸出圖像解析度的提升是提高量測精度的最主要因素。

In this research, a revised similar triangle algorithm based upon the pinhole imaging principle was proposed to establish a 3D optical measurement system with a vertical moving CCD. Within the range of depth of field that allows for CCD’s focus length, set up two altitude positions of the lens. Measure the values of view of field and acquire image data of measured objects corresponding two altitude positions of the lens. The space coordinates that specially examined the measuring point of objects can be obtained through the revised similar triangle algorithm. The revised similar triangle algorithm is based upon simple linear equations system. It is superior to general systems that need relatively complicated coordinate transformations and non-linear calculations.
This research makes a simple measuring tool with a 0.5-mm precision to measure the values of view of field and depth of field at the same time. These values can be implemented to calculate the focus length of CCD. This research probes into the ring light source, the size of measured object, the search law for image coordinates and the resolution of image capture board to analyze influence on the improvement for measuring accuracy. The experimental results reveal that the resolution of image capture board is a main factor which improves the precision of measurement, except the ring light source.

誌謝 I
摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XI
第一章 序論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2文獻探討 4
1.3 研就動機與目的 11
1.4論文架構 13
第二章 理論介紹 14
2.1 針孔成像 14
2.2修正式相似三角形演算法 17
2.2.1不考慮鏡頭扭曲 17
2.2.2考慮鏡頭扭曲 21
2.3影像處理 23
2.3.1影像擷取 23
2.3.2 數位影像處理 24
2.3.2.1 灰階 25
2.3.2.2 二值化 27
2.4影像座標計算 28
2.4.1原點座標設定 28
2.4.2特徵點影像座標搜尋法 30
第三章 單CCD光學掃描量測系統 33
3.1 硬體部分 34
3.1.1影像量測擷取系統 34
3.1.1.1 CCD攝影機 35
3.1.1.2影像擷取卡 40
3.1.1.3電腦系統 41
3.1.2四軸電腦數值控制系統 41
3.1.3光照系統 42
3.1.4 改良式量具 44
3.2 軟體部分 46
3.2.1 NC控制系統 46
3.2.2影像處理系統 47
3.2.3影像資料運算 49
第四章 結果與討論 51
4-1 CCD焦距 53
4.2 測量點影像座標的搜尋方法 58
4.2.1 儲存陣列搜尋法 60
4.2.2 極座標搜尋法 63
4.3 光源 66
4.4像素影像解析度 70
4.4.1 解析度 70
4.4.2 待測物大小 74
4.5 驗證實例 78
第五章 結論與展望 84
參考文獻 86

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