一、中文部分
1.天下雜誌521期。
2.因應臺中縣市合併區域發展策略之研究案」定案報告,99 年。
3.郭國泰; 司徒達賢; 于卓民,2010,「商業生態系統」中利基者策略之變遷: 以資訊安全軟體公司爲例 (1986-2000). 輔仁管理評論, 17.2: 1-38.。4.楊凱期, 2009, 開放式經營模式演進歷程分析之研究─以台積電為例,國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。5.公開資訊觀測站。
6.TEJ台灣經濟新報。
7.工商時報20130218。
二、英文部分
1.Gossain, S.; Kandiah, G. ,1998, Reinventing Value: The New Business Ecosystem, Strategy & Leadership. Vol. 26(5), pp. 28-33.
2.Iansiti, M. & Levien, R., 2004a, Strategy as Ecology, Harvard Business Review, 82(3), pp. 68–78.
3.Iansiti, M. & Levien, R. , 2004b, The Keystone Advantage: What the New Dynamics of Business Ecosystems Mean for Strategy, Innovation, and Sustainability., Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
4.Moore, J.F., 1993, Predators and Prey: A New Ecology of Competition", Harvard Business Review, 71(3), pp.75–86.
5.Moore, J.F. , 1996, "The Death of Competition: Leadership & Strategy in the Age of Business Ecosystems, New York: Harper Business.
6.Peltoniemi, M. and E. K. Vuori , 2004, Business Ecosystem as the New Approach to Complex Adaptive Business Environments. Frontier of e-business research, Tampere, Findland.
7.Power, T.; Jerjian, G. ,2001, Ecosystem: Living the 12 principles of networked business, Pearson Education Ltd. 392 p.
8.NYSE Big Stage:http://nysebigstage.com/#!/innovation-in-action/tsmc。