臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以聖誕紅‘黃祖’ 、‘G´EF 86-17’、 ‘Pepride’、 ‘Nobel Star’、 ‘Peter Star’以及‘Red Splendor’等六個品種為試驗材料，經由單節培養建立微體繁殖之方法，另外以癒傷組織誘導體胚形成，並配合γ射線或化學藥劑處理，進行誘變育種，以建立聖誕紅誘變育種的新方法。
在黑暗下，誘導‘Nobel Star’、‘Peter Star’與‘Red Splendor’的莖段形成癒傷組織，以培養在CPA 0.8mg/l者誘導之癒傷組織的生長指數較多。將‘Nobel Star’癒傷組織培養在含CPA 0.4 mg/l的固體培養基中，可獲最多之圓球胚。提高培養基中洋菜濃度也可促進形成體胚。又Riboflavin可促進體胚發育。
‘Nobel Star’的癒傷組織經γ放射線照射後，存活率皆低，‘Peter Star’ 經2Gy照射1次，存活率較高，再生體胚數則以照射2次時較多。‘Red Splender’癒傷組織以2 Gy照射2次，存活率較高。
以疊氮化鈉處理 ‘Peter Star’莖頂，濃度與時間增加時，癒傷組織直徑會隨著遞減。莖頂以0.5或2mM疊氮化鈉處理2小時的莖頂，形成的體胚數最多。‘黃祖’莖頂經疊氮化鈉0、0.5、1或2mM處理1-4小時的莖頂存活率皆在50﹪以上。
‘G´EF 86-17’單節培養於添加NAA 0.25mg/l和 BA 1或2mg/l或僅添加BA1或2mg/l，有較好的枝梢生長。 ‘G´EF 86-17’之下半部節位的培殖體較上半部節位者有較佳的生長，然 ‘黃祖’各節位培殖體生長上並無差異。含BA 0-1mg/l之培養基再添加核黃素10-40mg/l時，莖基癒傷組織直徑會隨著核黃素濃度的增加而減少。‘Pepride’及 ‘Red Splendor’經繼代培養時，培養基含kinetin者枝梢較長而含BA者分枝較多。Riboflavin也會降低培殖體的分枝數。‘Pepride’ 與‘Red Splendor’以洋菜濃度6 g/l時的枝梢較長，葉片數、節數、側枝數及枝梢數也較多。 ‘Pepride’ 或‘Red Splendor’瓶外發根時，大於1.0cm之枝梢分別處理IBA 2000ppm或 NAA 500ppm粉劑發育較多且長的根。

Six cultivars of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) ‘Yellow Ancestor’, ‘G´EF 86-17’, ‘Pepride’, ‘Nobel Star’, ‘Peter Star’ and ‘Red Splendor’ were studied, optimal micropropagated through nodal culture, and induced mutation through somatic embryogenesis treated by γ-ray or chemicals .
Under dark condition, internode of ‘Nobal Star’, ‘Peter Star’ and ‘Red Splendor’ cultured on the medium containing CPA 0.8mg/l induced more callus. Callus were cultured on the solid medium containing CPA 0.4mg/l proliferated more global embryos, as well as the medium containing agar at 9 g/l did. In addition, riboflavin at 5 or 10 mg/l enhanced somatic embryo maturity.
When ‘Nobel Star’ irradiated by γ-ray, the survival rate was low. When callus of ‘Peter Star’ irradiated by 2Gy for once resulted the highest survival rate, as well as for twice developed more embryos. ‘Red Splendor’ callus had more survival rate when irradiated with 2Gy for twice.
Shoot tip of ‘Peter Star’ dipped NaN3 before culture, when the concentration or dipping duration increased, the callus formation decreased. The shoot tip treated with NaN3 at 0.5 or 2 μM for 2 hr, regenerated more somatic embryo.All shoot tips of ‘Yellow Ancestor’ treated with NaN3 0.5~2 μM for 1~4hr, before culture, the surrival rate were over 50﹪.
The single node of ‘G×EF 86-17’ was cultured in medium contain NAA 0~0.25mg/l combined BA 1~2mg/l had best growth. Nodal explants from lower position had better growth than from higher position, but the difference did not occur on ‘Yellow Ancestor’. ‘Pepride’ and ‘Red Splendor’ on medium contained with kinetin had longer but fewer shoots than that with BA. Also, additional riboflavin at 10-40mg/l decreased shoots from explant. ‘Pepride’ and ‘Red Splendor’ cultured on medium with agar 6g/l, proliferated more shoots of longer and more nodes, stem. For ex vitro rooting, shoot longer than 1.0cm of ‘Pepride’ or ‘Red Splendor’as dusted with IBA 2000ppm or NAA 500ppm, respectively, developed more and longer roots.

目錄
頁
壹、前言………………………………………………………………1
貳、前人研究…………………………………………………………2
一、聖誕紅育種…………………………………………………2
二、誘變育種……………………………………………………2
(一)放射線誘變育種………………………………………3
(二)化學誘變育種……………...……………………………5
三、體胚形成……………………………………………………6
四、Auxin與體胚形成的關係……………………………………7
五、ABA與體胚成熟的關係……………………………………8
六、微體繁殖……………………………………………………9
(三)生長調節劑………………………………………….....…9
(四)洋菜……………………………………...……………10
參、材料與方法………………………………………………………11
一、植物材料……………………………………………………11
二、培養基配製及培養環境……………………………………11
三、試驗方法……………………………………………………11
(一)體胚形成……………………………………………….11
(二)誘變育種……………………………………………….13
(三)微體繁殖……………………………………………….15
四、統計分析……………………………………………………16
肆、結果………………………………………………………………17
一、體胚形成……………………………………………………17
二、誘變育種……………………………………………………20
三、微體繁殖……………………………………………………22
伍、討論………………………………………………………………27
陸、圖表………………………………………………………………41
柒、摘要………………………………………………………………79
捌、參考文獻…………………………………………………………81
玖、附錄………………………………………………………………97

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