臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　水稻是世界上重要糧食作物之一，隨著人口增長，產量勢必要向上提昇。土壤鹽害是常見限制作物產量的非生物逆境，水稻在作物中屬於鹽敏感的作物，因此維持水稻在鹽逆境下的生長勢是日趨重要的議題。水稻面對鹽逆境時，根部首當其衝，影響著水稻對鹽分與養分吸收。本研究以 130 個秈&;#31241;雜交所產生的重組自交系族群及 196 個水稻種原為材料，調查幼苗期種子根、種子根上側根、冠根以及總根長在鹽逆境下的表現，發現根長性狀受鹽逆境抑制生長的程度不同；另外調查幼苗株高、鹽害指數等地上部性狀在鹽逆境中的反應，發現根部在鹽逆境長度愈大，通常幼苗株高也愈大。接著利用高密度單一核&;#33527;酸多型性分子標幟 (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP) 進行單點分析 (single marker analysis) 並定位調控水稻耐鹽能力的數量性狀基因座 (quantitative trait locus, QTL)。本研究在兩族群中共偵測到 6 個基因座可能影響鹽害指數，我們分析鹽害指數表現優良的品系在這些基因座中的基因型，發現這些基因座偏屬japonica 次族群。另外 地上部性狀與根部性狀具有正相關性，但是並沒有偵測到相同的基因座；本研究亦定位到數個數量基因座可能影響根長性狀在鹽逆境的變異程度，在染色體 1、4、10 號上定位到重疊的基因座控制不同型態的根生長。鹽逆境中根部性狀表現優良的品系可以做為育種材料，經由分子標幟輔助育種將定位到的基因座導入現行品種，改良根部性狀在鹽逆境的生長勢。

　　Rice is one of the major crops in the world. Because human population grows, increasing rice production is necessary to meet human’s need. Salinity is a common abiotic stress to affect crop production, and rice is one of salt sensitive crops, therefore maintaining rice growth vigor under salt condition is an important issue. Root system is a major physical interaction between plants and soil substrates, it affects nutrients and salt absorption. In this research, we used two populations as study materials, one is recombinant inbred lines population derived from a cross between indica and temperate japonica, and a global diversity panel with 196 accessions. We measured root length under normal and salt condition at seedling stage, and found out degree of root growth vigor inhibited by salinity stress differs by root types. We used high density SNP markers to map QTLs controlling shoot and root growth in response to salt stress, many QTLs in RILs and in global diversity panel were mapped in this study. Although there was positive correlation between root and shoot traits under salinity stress, no identical QTLs were mapped. We selected accessions with good performance under salinity stress, these accessions will be good breeding materials to improve root vigor in elite cultivars, and through molecular assisted selection, QTLs with positive effect can be introduced to elite cultivars efficiently.

誌謝…………………………………………………………………………………....…i
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………...…ii
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………......iii
目錄……………………………………………………………………………...……...iv
表目錄……………………………………………………………………...……...……vi
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………….……...…viii
附件目錄………………………………………………………………………….......…x
簡寫對照表…………………………………………………………………….…….....xi
一、前言…………………………………………………………………………..……1
二、前人研究………………………………………………………………………..…3
1. 鹽逆境對植物生長影響…………………………………………………..…...3
2. 鹽逆境對水稻的影響………………………………………………..………...3
3. 調控鹽害逆境的水稻基因座定位……………………………………...….….4
4. 水稻根系構造……………………………………………………...…………..6
5. 耐鹽機制…………………………………………………………...……….….8
6. 水稻幼苗期生長勢………………………………………………...…….…….9
7. 關聯性定位法………………………………………………………...….…….9
三、材料與方法………………………………………………………………….……11
1. 試驗材料…………………………………………………………………..…..11
2. 實驗流程與設備使用…………………………………………………………12
3. 數量性狀基因座定位……………………………………………………..…..19
4. 統計軟體使用……………………………………………………………..…..24
四、結果………………………………………………………………………………..26
1. 實驗條件決定……………………………………………………………..…..26
2. 材料族群結構與親緣關係………………………………………………..…..26
3. 外表型調查……………………………………………………………………27
4. 數量性狀基因座定位…………………………………………………..……..35
5. 以重組自交系族群 SNP 建立連鎖圖譜並定位根部數量性狀基因座.........39
五、討論………………………………………………………………………………..41
1. 軟體分析根部數據……………………………………………………..……..41
2. 外表型變異……………………………………………………………..……..41
3. 鹽害指數表現優良品系………………………………………………..……..41
4. 性狀間相關性比較………………………………………………………..…..42
5. 綜合正常水耕環境測量值篩選鹽逆境中的表現優異的品系…………....…45
6. 兩族群數量性狀基因座定位結果比較………………………………………46
7. Sliding window size 造成連鎖圖譜的差異………………………………..…47
六、結論……………………………………………………………………………….49
表…………………………………………………………………………………...…..51
圖……………………………………………………………………………………….81
七、參考文獻………………………………………………………………………….166
附錄………………………………………………………………………………...…171

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