中文摘要 (page I)
Abstract (page III)
致謝 (page V)
目錄 (page VI)
表目錄 (page VIII)
圖目錄 (page IX)
Abbreviations (page X)
Introduction (page 1)
1.The clinical importance of E. cloacae complex (page 1)
2.Genomic diversity within E. cloacae complex (page 1)
3.The role of hsp60 gene in subspecies identification (page 2)
4.E. cloacae complex with ESBL production ( page 3)
5.The difficulty in detection of ESBL phenotype in E. cloacae complex (page 3)
6.Risk factors of ESBL production in patients with bacteremia caused by Enterobacter (page 4)
7.Clinical impact and outcome of ESBL production on patients with Enterobacter bacteremia (page 4)
8.The role of carbapenem therapy in patients with bacteremia due to ESBL-producing Enterobacter bacteremia (page 5)
Aims (page 6)
Material and method (page 7)
1.Study design (page 7)
2.Microbiological methods (page 7)
3.Detection of hsp60 genes and genotyping (page 8)
4.Detection of ESBL phenotype (page 8)
5.Detection of genes encoding ESBL (page 8)
6.Definitions (page 9)
7.Statistical analysis (page 10)
Results (page 11)
1.The annual numbers and the proportion of ESBL-producing E. cloacae complex isolates (page 11)
2.Distribution of subspecies and ESBL production among bacteremic isolates of E. cloacae complex (page 11)
3.In vitro susceptibility of subspecies of bacteremic isolates of E. cloacae complex (page 12)
4.Clinical characteristics of patients with bacteremia due to different subspecies of E. cloacae complex (page 12)
5.The sensitivity and specificity of cefepime-clavulanate ESBL Etest in detection of ESBL-producers (page 13)
6.Risk factors and clinical outcome of patients with bacteremia due to ESBL-producing E. cloacae complex (page 13)
7.Predictors of crude mortality for all patients with E. cloacae complex bacteremia (page 14)
8.Predictors of crude mortality for patients with ESBL-producer bacteremia(page 14)
9.Predictors of sepsis-related mortality for patients with ESBL-producer bacteremia (page 15)
10.Breakthrough bacteremia in the ESBL group(page 15)
Discussion(page 17)
References (page 21)
Tables (page 26)
Figure (page 39)
Appendix (page 40)
Curriculum Vitae (page 41)
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