臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

因應經濟全球化與產業高度分工的趨勢，現今企業開始將產品開發活動分散於各地，藉以強化核心競爭力，維持市場競爭力。本研究考量分散式環境中決策資訊不透明的情況，發展基於多重代理人的自動化設計協商方法，探討集中式「以價值為基之協商機制」以及非集中式「非同步回溯法」。首先提出協商破局的決策調整機制，並將兩層分散式協商擴展於多階層分散式問題，以彌補過往研究之不足。提供代理人較具彈性的協商能力，根據參與協同設計者的初始決策，經過上述協商機制反覆的協調，直至符合所有限制式而達成共識。本研究亦利用多重代理人技術，透過代理人程式間的合作與自主溝通，自動進行協商機制運行過程中繁瑣的協調動作，提升分散式協商的效率。最後分別運用於產品公差分配、跨廠區設計資源分配、複雜系統可靠度展開以及三維協同設計傳輸限制等實際情境，驗證結果顯示提出之方法將大幅提升資訊不公開之分散式協商的效能，以及智慧型代理人於協同設計的應用價值。

Facing the economics globalization and the trend of job specialization in industry, modern enterprises start to separate and outsource their product development tasks in order to strengthen core competence and maintain competitiveness. This research investigates multi-agent based design negotiation methods in a distributed environment with limited access to information. The focus is on improving centralized “price based negotiation” and de-centralized “asynchronous backtracking” methods. We first propose a novel conflict resolving mechanism that adjusts individual negotiation policies each time when agreement cannot be achieved during the negotiation process. The price based negotiation approach is next extended to distributed decision making within a multi-stage hierarchy. These enhancements provide more flexible negotiation and better efficiency compared to previous work. This work also implements the proposed methods with multiple agent system (MAS) technologies to facilitate the negotiation process by automating lengthy iterations. Finally, we apply the methods to different distributed design collaboration situations including tolerance allocation, resource allocation among multi manufacturing sites, reliability distribution in complex systems development, and LOD data transmission in 3D streaming. The test results not only validate this work, but they also demonstrate the practicality of the agent-based distributed negotiation methods.

1. 緒論 1
1.1. 研究背景與動機 1
1.2. 研究目的 3
1.3. 研究架構 4
2. 文獻回顧 6
2.1. 分散式問題處理(Distributed Problem Solving) 6
2.2. 多代理人系統於協同的相關問題和應用 6
2.3. 協同合作協商機制探討 8
2.3.1. 設計衝突之協調與排解 8
2.3.2. 協同設計相關協商機制 10
2.3.3. 多代理人協商之學習 11
2.4. 文獻回顧總結 12
3. 集中與非集中監督型態之協商機制 14
3.1. 以價值為基礎之協商機制 15
3.1.1. 以價值為基之協商機制概述 15
3.1.2. 定義和假設 16
3.1.3. 決策階層架構 18
3.1.4. 協商機制 20
3.1.5. 範例說明 23
3.2. 非同步回溯之協商機制 26
3.2.1. 非同步回溯法 26
3.2.2. 非同步回溯法範例說明 27
3.3. 小結 30
4. 進階協商機制 32
4.1. PBN更新可行域處理方式 32
4.2. 多階段式PBN應用 34
4.3. 協商階段破局處理程序 39
4.4. 以價值為基之非同步回溯協商機制 43
4.4.1. 定義與假設 43
4.4.2. 範例說明 44
5. 以多代理人為基之協同實作 48
5.1. 代理人概述 49
5.2. 智慧型代理人技術 50
5.2.1. JADE (Java Agent Development Environment) 50
5.2.2. JADE的runtime環境設立架構 52
5.3. 代理人系統架構與協商決策程式建置 54
5.3.1. PBN機制多重代理人架構 54
5.3.2. 非同步回溯法協商代理人架構 60
6. 模擬協同分散式決策情境 63
6.1. Example 1：協同公差分配 63
6.1.1. 超速離合器協同公差情境 64
6.1.2. 超速離合器協同公差結果分析 67
6.2. Example 2 : 跨廠區元件協同公差分配 71
6.2.1. 傳動裝置齒輪盒協同公差情境 72
6.2.2. 傳動裝置齒輪盒協同公差結果分析 76
6.3. Example 3 :協同可靠度分配 78
6.3.1. 射擊訓練模擬器協同可靠度情境 79
6.3.2. 射擊模擬器協同可靠度結果分析 86
6.4. Example 4：協同設計產品資料分享 90
6.4.1. 三維加工機台產品資料分享情境 90
6.4.2. 三維加工機台產品資料分享結果分析 92
7. 結論與未來研究方向 97
7.1. 結論 97
7.2. 未來研究方向 98
8. 參考文獻 100

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