臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

了解金屬在膠體與真溶解相(< 1 k Da)的分佈可以了解金屬在環境的宿命與生物有效性。本研究探討河川懸浮固體(SPM)與豬污泥金屬全量與腐植質(HS)金屬濃度：HS進一步分離為膠體(3種分子量)與真溶解相，量測HS之金屬濃度與溶解有機碳(DOC)濃度，分析金屬在膠體與真溶解相之分佈與分配。厭氧污泥Zn全量濃度最高3.7±0.3 g/kg，污泥施用於農地可能產生危害。兩種樣品(SPM與污泥) HS萃取液皆以大分子量膠體( >100 kDa)有較高的DOC與金屬濃度。DOC濃度與大部份金屬濃度呈現正相關性。接近畜牧廢水排放口之SPM金屬濃度與污泥金屬濃度分配行為相近。金屬性質不同因此金屬的分配也會改變，例如Cu、Cr在不同分子量HS及不同樣本的分佈係數有明顯的差別，而Ni元素則較無差異。SPM與豬廢水污泥中絕大多數金屬分佈係數(Koc)值都 > 1，這意味著金屬較容易分佈於膠體上。

To understand heavy metals distribution between colloid and truly dissolved phase (< 1 k Da) can help to realize the fate and bioavailability of heavy metal in environment. This study investigated levels of total metal and metal concentration of humic substances (HS) in both suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sludge. HS solution was further separated into four different molecular weight solutions including three colloidal and truly dissolved phases. Total zinc concentration was highest concentration 3.7±0.3 g/kg in anaerobic sludge than other metals. When sludge is applied in agricultural soil could cause dangerous to plant and environment.
High molecular weight of HS solutions (>100 kDa) had higher DOC and metal concentrations than other size fractions for both SPM and sludge. Most of metal concentrations had positive correlation with DOC concentrations. Heavy metal concentration and distribution behavior of SPM samples taken from site near outlet of livestock effluent had similar distribution behavior to sludge. Heavy metals have different properties that caused heavy metal change distribution behavior. For example, Cu and Cr had different distribution coefficients (Koc) for size fraction HS but Ni had no significantly different in distribution coefficients for size fraction HS. Most of distribution coefficients were higher than 1.0 for SPM and sludge samples that indicated heavy metal easy bind to colloidal phases.

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
謝誌 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 X
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究緣起 1
1.2研究目的 1
第二章 文獻回顧 2
2.1 河川流域 2
2.2 污泥 2
2.3 溶解性有機質 3
2.4 腐植質 4
2.5 膠體 5
2.6 分配係數 6
2.7 微量金屬 7
第三章 材料與方法 9
3.1樣品來源 9
3.2實驗藥品與器材 9
3.2.1藥品與器材 9
3.2.2實驗儀器設備 9
3.3實驗流程 11
3.4實驗方法 12
3.4.1樣品採集 12
3.4.2 NaOH萃取(HS) 12
3.4.3萃取液物理性分離 13
3.4.4紫外線/可見光分光光度計量測 13
3.4.5 溶解性有機碳分析(DOC) 15
3.4.6螢光光譜儀分析 15
3.4.7螢光區域積分法 17
3.4.8 序列萃取法 20
3.4.9 胞外聚合物萃取 21
3.5金屬元素分析 22
3.5.1王水消化法 22
3.5.2金屬濃度測定 22
3.6 數據統計與分析 23
第四章 結果與討論 24
4.1固相金屬濃度及全量 24
4.1.1 金屬全量 24
4.1.2 酸液金屬濃度 26
4.1.3 HS萃取液金屬濃度 29
4.1.4 養豬場污泥EPS萃取金屬濃度 31
4.1.5 武洛溪SPM序列萃取金屬濃度 31
4.2 DOC特性分析 34
4.2.1 分離萃取液之DOC特性 34
4.3 萃取液金屬與有機碳濃度分析 36
4.3.1污泥HS萃取液各分子量的單位有機碳金屬濃度 36
4.3.2武洛溪SPM HS萃取液各分子量的單位有機碳金屬濃度 42
4.4 金屬分佈係數 47
4.4.1萃取液膠體金屬與真溶解相金屬分佈係數Koc 47
4.5 UV/Vis指標 50
4.5.1厭氧、終沉污泥萃取UV/Vis指標 50
4.5.2武洛溪上、下游SPM萃取UV/Vis指標 51
4.5.3 UV/Vis指標與有機碳金屬濃度相關性 52
4.6螢光指標與螢光區域積分法 54
4.6.1養豬場厭氧、終沉污泥萃取液螢光指標 54
4.6.2武洛溪上、下游萃取液螢光指標 54
4.6.3養豬場厭氧、終沉污泥HS萃取之FRI 57
4.6.4武洛溪上、下游SPM萃取液之FRI 58
4.6.5螢光指標與有機碳濃度之相關性 60
第五章 結論與建議 62
5.1 結論 62
5.2 建議 63
參考資料 64
作者簡介 70

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