臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著全球化腳步，國外企業開始進入國內市場，對國內產業造成一定程度的衝擊。然而國外企業並非都能獲得絕對的優勢，表示國內外企業在市場競爭中存在某些關鍵因素而造成此結果。若國內企業能掌握這些關鍵因素，轉化為本土競爭優勢，便能在全球化競爭的時代面對市場外來進入者的挑戰。
本研究透過企業生態地位觀點，探討國內企業如何擁有且穩固發展的本土競爭優勢。企業生態地位代表企業佔據產業環境的不同資源空間，包含環境條件、技術、資金、人力等資源，當企業間佔據到相同資源空間，亦即企業生態地位重疊時，便以競爭等方式來佔有所需資源。所以，企業生態地位受到企業所佔據的資源空間，以及企業選擇的競爭策略所影響而產生演化，使企業間存有不同特性的生態地位。此演化過程亦呈現企業對環境的適應程度，其適應程度越高，越有機會在產業環境變動的過程中獲取更佳競爭優勢。
本研究以個案的方式呈現國內壽險資訊服務廠商的發展過程，觀察累積專屬於壽險產業的特化資源、以及其企業生態地位所呈現的特徵，並歸納成企業生態地位演化的不同階段。最後以「專案特化程度」與「企業特化資源」兩個維度呈現企業生態地位的演化途徑，並從中解釋不同企業生態地位對企業競爭策略與競爭優勢的影響，供其他企業對於競爭策略發展之參考。

Under the globalization, foreign enterprises begin to enter the domestic markets that influences domestic enterprises. However, foreign enterprises don’t necessarily obtain the absolute advantages. It means there are some key factors in market competition between foreign and domestic enterprises. So, domestic enterprises could try to find these key factors and convert to the domestic competitive advantages that protects them against competitive pressures in the global competition environment.
The major purpose of this study is to discuss the procedure that domestic enterprises gain the domestic competitive advantages by the organizational niche perspectives. Organizational niche indicates enterprise occupies different resources in the industrial environment, including environmental condition, technology, fund, human resource, and so on. When different enterprises need the same resource, enterprises will compete to hold the resources. Therefore, organizational niche is affected by enterprise’s resources and competition strategies which the enterprise chooses. Besides, enterprises have different characteristics of organizational niche because of evolution. The process of specializing also effects enterprise’s adaptable. If enterprises have highly adaptable, they will have more opportunities to obtain domestic competitive advantages during environment change.
Using the case study of the insurance information service enterprise, this study observes the process of accumulating the specialized resources, and then defining the evolution stages of organizational niche. Finally, this study shows the evolutionary path of organizational niche by the two dimensions analysis of “project specialized level” and “enterprise specialized resources”, and argues the influence of different organizational niche between competition strategies and competitive advantages for other enterprises.

摘 要 I
Abstract II
誌 謝 III
目 錄 IV
表 目 錄 VII
圖 目 錄 VIII
第一章、緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究問題與目的 3
1.3 研究範圍與流程 5
1.4 論文架構 7
第二章、文獻探討 8
2.1 競爭策略 8
2.2 組織生態學 11
2.3 企業生態地位 12
2.4 專精策略與通才策略 15
第三章、研究架構與方法 17
3.1 研究架構 17
3.2 研究觀察重點 20
3.3 研究方法 26
3.4 資料蒐集與分析 28
第四章、個案描述 30
4.1 個案背景簡介 30
4.2 個案公司簡介 31
4.2.1 核心能力建立 32
4.2.2 掌握趨勢、持續累積核心能力 35
4.2.3 開拓新商機 36
4.2.4 發展新技術 37
4.3 LIC公司簡介 39
4.3.1 舊系統疊床架屋 39
4.3.2 舊系統架構限制 40
4.4 壽險業核心系統特性 41
4.4.1 壽險產業發展獨特性 43
4.4.2 系統涵蓋範圍 43
4.4.3 系統設計主軸迴異 45
4.5 新核心系統選擇方案與評估 46
4.5.1 資料轉換門檻 47
4.5.2 委外廠商選擇 48
4.6 不同系統思維 50
4.6.1 需求盲點與舊系統思維慣性 51
4.6.2 舊系統問題不易解決 52
4.6.3 雙方協作過程與導入結果 52
4.6.4 F公司導入結果 53
4.7 煒來進行LIC專案 54
4.7.1 LIC公司核心系統 54
4.7.2 界面、系統模組化、rule-base 56
4.7.3 確立核心，化繁為簡，異中求同 56
4.7.4 同中求異，收斂風險，創造彈性 57
4.7.5 建立溝通架構、專業分工 58
4.7.6 BPR決策小組 58
4.7.7 解決資料轉換門檻 60
4.7.8 克服user需求盲點 61
4.7.9 重塑合作模式 62
4.7.10 凝聚合作共識 63
4.7.11 結合新技術建置新系統 64
4.7.12 LIC專案正式上線 65
4.8 LIC公司之專案過程比較 68
4.9 煒來發展歷程大事記 69
4.10 LIC專案導入成果 71
第五章、個案分析 72
5.1 個案資料歸納 73
5.2 企業生態地位具體化描述 82
5.3 企業生態地位二維分析 84
5.4 企業發展策略與競爭優勢 91
第六章、研究結論與建議 95
6.1 結論與研究貢獻 95
6.2 未來研究方向 96
參考文獻 97
附錄A─受訪者資料與訪談問項彙整 101

中文部份：
1.王儷玲, 劉邦寧, 2008 ,保險規劃一典通, 上旗, 台灣金融研訓院
2.范士展, 2004, 關聯式資料庫, 五南
3.凌氤寶, 康裕民, 陳森松, 2003, 保險學理論與實務（四版）, 華泰
4.郭修伸, 1996, 我國壽險業生產行為一致性及效率性之研究,國立台灣工業技術學院管理技術研究所碩士論文
5.閆安, 達慶利, 2005, 企業生態位及其動能性選擇研究, Journal of Southeast University（Philosophy and Social Science）, Vol.7, No.1, Jan.
6.曾添壽, 1997, 企業資訊基礎建設的設計方法與應用-以壽險公司為例, 國立台灣大學資訊管理學系研究所碩士論文
7.楊文兵, 徐海波, 2008, 企業生態位理論研究現狀與趨勢, 紹興文理學院學報, 28:9
8.戴志明, 2005, 利基型應用系統軟體公司西進策略研究-以資訊業個案為例, 國立台北大學國際財金碩專班論文

英文部份：
1.Babbie, E., 1999, The Basics of Social Research, Thomson Wadsworth
2.Carroll, Glenn R. and Anand Swaminathan, 1991, Density Dependent Organizational Evolution in the American Brewing Industry From 1633 to 1988, Acta Sociologica. 34:3, pp. 155-175.
3.Carroll, Glenn R. and Anand Swaminathan, 2000. Why the Microbrewery Movement? Organizational Dynamics of Resource Partitioning in the U.S. Brewing Industry, American Joumal of Sociology. 106:3, pp, 715-762.
4.Carroll, Glenn R., 1985, Concentration and Specialization: Dynamics of Niche Width in Populations of Organizations, American Journal of Sociology, May, 90, pp. 1262-1283.
5.David J. Teece, Gary Pisano and Amy Shuen, 1997, Danamic Capabilities and Strategic management, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18:7, 509–533.
6.Dobrev, Stanislav D., Tjii-Young Kim and Michael T. Hannan, 2001, Dynamics of Niche Width and Resource Partitioning, American journal of Sociology, 106:5, pp, 1299-1337.
7.Eisenhardt, K. M., 1989, Building theories from case study research, Academy of Management Review, 14:4, 532-550.
8.Freeman, John and Michael T. Hannan, 1983, Niche Width and the Dynamics of Organizational Populations, American Journal of Sociology, 88:6, pp, 1116-1145.
9.Freeman, John, Glenn R. Carroll and Michael T. Hannan, 1983, The Liability of Newness: Age Dependence in Organizational Death Rates, American Sociological Review, October, 48, pp. 692-710.
10.Glaser, B. G. and Strauss, A. L., 1967, The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, Aldine Transaction.
11.Hannan, 2005, Ecologies of Organizations Diversity and Identity, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 19, Number 1, Winter, Pages 51-70.
12.Hannan, Michael T. and John Freeman, 1987, The Ecology of Organizational Founding: American Labor Unions, 1836-1985, American
13.Hannan, Michael T. and John Freeman, 1988, The Ecology of Organizational Mortality: American Labor Unions, 1836-1985. American Journal of Sociology, 94:1, pp. 25-52.
14.Hannan, Michael T. and John Freeman, 1989, Organizational Ecology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
15.Hannan, Michael T., Glenn R. Carroll and Laszlo Polos, 2003, The Organizational Niche, Sociological Theory, 21:4, pp, 511-540.
16.Hannan, Michael T., Glenn R. Carroll, Stanislav D. Dohrev andjoon Han, 1998, Organizational Mortality in European and American Automobile Industries, Part I: Revisiting the Effects of Age and Size, European Sociological Review, 14:3, pp, 279-303.
17.Hannan, Michael T., Glenn R. CarroU, Elizabeth A. Dundon and John C. Torres, 1995, Organizational Evolution in a Multinational Context: Entries of Automobile Manufactures in Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, and Italy, American Sociological Review, 60:4, pp. 509-528.
18.Hannan, Michael T., Laszlo Polos and Glenn R. Carroll, 2003, Cascading Organizational Change, Organization Science, 14:5, pp, 463-482.
19.Hsinnan, Michael T. and John Freeman, 1977, The Population Ecology of Organizations, American Journal of Sociology, March, 82, pp, 929-964.
20.Journal of Sociology, 92:4, pp, 910-943.
21.Kathleen M. Eisenhardt and Jeffrey A. Martin, 2000, Dynamic Capabilities: What Are They?, Strategic Management Journal, 21: 1105-1121.
22.Myers, M. D., 1997, Qualitative Research in Information Systems, MIS Quarterly, 21:2, 241-242.
23.Piore, M. J., 2006, Qualitative research: does it fit in economics? European Management Review. 3, 17-23
24.Shapiro, Michael, 1999, Customer Connections, Best's Review, Vol.100, P91-p93.
25.Strauss, A. and Corbin, J., 1990, Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques, Sage Publications.
26.Swaminathan, Anand and Glenn R. Carroll, 1995, Beer Brewers, in Organizations and Industries. G. R. Carroll and M. T, Hannan, eds. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 223-243.
27.Wimmer, R. D. and Dominick, J. R., 1995, Mass Media Research: An Introduction, Thomson Wadsworth.
28.Yang Wenbing and Xu Haibo, 2008, The Present Status and Future Trends of Organizational Niche Theory, Journal of Shaoxing University, Vol. 28, No.9, Sep.
29.Yin, R. K., 1994, Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Sage Publications.