臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究分析中正大學寧靜湖湖水磷組成，寧靜湖為校園人工湖及校園污水處理廠放流水之承受水體。檢測期間自2010年12月至2012年3月，每一至兩週採取寧靜湖湖水、上游入水口及校園污水處理廠放流水，參考環檢署水中磷檢測方法─分光光度計/維生素丙法，檢測水體中正磷酸鹽、總溶解性磷、顆粒性無機磷、總顆粒性磷含量。結果顯示湖水總磷濃度平均為0.50 ± 0.17(P mg/L)，組成中溶解性磷約佔60%，主要為正磷酸鹽，顆粒組成則有機磷及無機磷，其濃度相當。放流水總磷平均為3.82 ± 0.82(P mg/L)，其組成主要為高濃度溶解性磷，其中又以正磷酸鹽為主，顆粒性組成則為有機磷、無機磷並存，無機磷較高；入水口總磷平均為0.11 ± 0.15(P mg/L)，含磷量低，組成為溶解性磷及顆粒性磷濃度相當，溶解性組成為正磷酸鹽與非正磷酸鹽共存。顆粒含磷量分析中，入水口及放流水懸浮固體濃度低，平均濃度分別為16 ± 13 mg/L及7 ± 2mg/L，而湖水為高懸浮固體（59 ± 11 mg/L），其中放流水含磷量最高(19.3 ± 7.3 P mg/g)，其次為入水口(7.03 ± 6.62 P mg/g)，湖水(3.48 ± 0.8 P mg/g)為三者最低。由組成及質量分析，污水處理廠放流水為湖水主要磷來源。整體而言，放流水高濃度正磷酸鹽進入湖中後，可能經由入水口稀釋及湖水去除機制，將濃度降低至1/10，減少對下游的衝擊。由總磷質量計算，進入寧靜湖的放流水磷流量(約2600 P g/day)，入水口流量（約60 P g/day），湖水出流量(約800 P g/day)，放流水流量大於湖水出流量，顯示可能湖水有吸收源，或是高估放流水流量，以顆粒性磷質量計算，可以確定湖水中有顆粒性來源產生(約130 P g/day)，但無法解釋磷的減少，針對影響湖水質量平衡因素，需進一步研究。降雨事件中，入水口可能存在較高濃度，且入水口流量大，此時湖水水質受入水口的影響較大。

The study is to sample and analyze the contents of phosphorus in the Tranquility Lake, National Chung Cheng University, a receiving water body from the school sewage treatment plant, conducting from December 2010 to March 2012, once every one or two weeks. The water samples include those from the lake water, the inflow of upstream, and the effluent of the sewage treatment plant. Measured phosphorus fractions were total dissolve phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, total particulate phosphorus, and inorganic particulate phosphorus. The concentrations of total phosphorus in the lake water averaged 0.50±0.17 P mg/L, and the dissolve phosphorus was about 60% of total phosphorus. Soluble reactive phosphorus was the major content in the dissolve phosphorus fraction. The concentrations of total phosphorus in the effluent of the sewage treatment plant averaged 3.82±0.82 P mg/L almost soluble reactive phosphorus. The concentrations of total phosphorus in the inflow from upstream averaged 0.11±0.15 P mg/L. In the phosphorus dynamics estimations, the major input was the sewage treatment plant (about 2600 P g/day) and the inflow from upstream was about 60 P g/day. The outflows of 800 P g/day from were lower than those of total inflows, indicating the existence of phosphorus sink in the lake. Moreover, the particulate phosphorus outflow of 255 P g/day were higher than those total particulate phosphorus inputs of 130 P g/day, suggesting some particulate phosphorus were produced in the lake. High phosphorus inflows from upstream were found in the thunderstorm events, and the contents of phosphorus in the lake were then to be all inflow-dependence.

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 中正大學寧靜湖湖水來源概述 1
1-3廢水處理場放流水特性 1
1-4 磷濃度與組成轉換之可能因子 2
1-5 研究目的 2
第二章 材料與方法 3
2-1 研究地點 3
2-1-1寧靜湖 3
2-1-2 中正大學污水處理廠 3
2-2 樣品採集 3
2-3 藥品及儀器 3
2-3-1 藥品 3
2-3-2 儀器 4
2-4 檢測方法及項目 4
2-5 樣品前處理 5
2-5-1 器材前處理 5
2-5-2 溶解性磷檢測 5
2-5-2-1 正磷酸鹽 5
2-5-2-2 總溶解性磷 5
2-5-3 顆粒性磷檢測 5
2-5-3-1 顆粒性無機磷 5
2-5-3-2 總顆粒性磷 5
2-5-4 反應試劑配製及添加 6
2-6 儀器分析 6
2-6-1 檢測項目 6
2-6-2 分光光度計 6
2-6-3 定量分析方法 6
2-6-3-1 檢量線配製 6
2-6-3-2 樣品濃度定量 7
2-6-3-3 背景值校正 7
2-7 各種磷組成之計算 7
2-8 檢驗方法之確認 8
2-8-1 儀器偵測極限及樣品偵測極限 8
2-8-2 標準品檢測 8
2-8-3 無機磷方法檢驗 8
2-8-4 無機磷及總磷方法檢驗 8
2-9 懸浮固體檢測及顆粒磷含量計算 8
第三章 結果 10
3-1 檢測方法分析 10
3-1-1 檢量線及吸光值分析 10
3-1-2 偵測極限 10
3-1-3 標準品檢測 10
3-1-4 無機磷方法檢驗 10
3-1-5 總磷及無機磷檢測 11
3-2湖水磷分析 11
3-2-1 湖水磷濃度 11
3-2-1-1 正磷酸鹽 11
3-2-1-2 總溶解性磷 11
3-2-1-3 顆粒性無機磷 12
3-2-1-4 總顆粒性磷 12
3-2-2 湖水磷組成 12
3-2-2-1 溶解性組成 12
3-2-2-2 顆粒性組成 12
3-2-2-3 溶解性及顆粒性組成 12
3-2-2-4 湖水總磷組成 13
3-3 放流水磷分析 13
3-3-1 放流水磷濃度 13
3-3-1-1 正磷酸鹽 13
3-3-1-2 總溶解性磷 13
3-3-1-3 顆粒性無機磷 14
3-2-1-4 總顆粒性磷 14
3-3-2 放流水磷組成 14
3-3-2-1 溶解性組成 14
3-3-2-2 顆粒性組成 14
3-3-2-3 溶解性及顆粒性組成 15
3-3-2-4 總磷組成 15
3-4 入水口磷分析 15
3-4-1入水口磷濃度 15
3-4-1-1正磷酸根 15
3-4-1-2 總溶解性磷 15
3-4-1-3 總顆粒性磷 15
3-4-2 入水口磷組成 16
3-4-2-1 溶解性組成 16
3-4-2-2 顆粒性及溶解性組成 16
3-4-2-3 總磷組成 16
3-5 三者磷組成特性比較 16
3-6 懸浮固體含磷量分析 17
3-6-1 湖水懸浮固體含磷量 17
3-6-2 放流水懸浮固體含磷量 17
3-6-3 入水口懸浮固體含磷量 17
3-6-4 三者顆粒性探討 17
第四章 討論 18
4-1 湖水磷來源分析 18
4-1-1 溶解性磷分析 18
4-1-2 顆粒性磷分析 18
4-1-3 顆粒特性及磷含量分析 18
4-2 水中磷質量變化率 18
4-2-1 總磷質量變化率 19
4-2-2 正磷酸鹽質量變化率 20
4-2-3 顆粒性磷質量變化率 20
4-3 入水口流量對湖水磷濃度之影響 21
第五章 結論 23
參考文獻 25

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