臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在世界各國的鋼鐵產業中電弧爐煉鋼廣為鋼鐵業者所採用，是為煉鋼之主要運轉設備。然而電弧爐於運作過程中因煉鋼材料與電極不斷發生短路與開路，造成電弧爐負載吸收低功因變動大電流並且導致無效功率劇烈且不規則變動，使得相關電力系統輸電電線路產生嚴重之電壓閃爍問題。
本研究以台灣電力公司嘉南供電區營運處之新營P/S轄區作為探討對象，由於該轄區內有多家營運之鋼鐵用戶，其煉鋼設備負載之劇烈變化及諧波問題造成了相當程度之電壓閃爍及電壓變動問題，導致新營P/S161kV、69kV供電轄區內有載分接頭切換開關(OLTC)頻繁切換，同時也大大降低對下游用戶供電之品質與可靠度。
本研究主要為於離峰期間併用新營P/S及山上P/S間之線路，亦即增大新營P/S電力系統之電源端系統容量，以數學網路節點電壓和線路壓降之補償計算及PSSE(Power System Simulator for Engineering )模擬軟體驗證併用新營P/S及山上P/S間之線路後可改善新營P/S轄區電壓變動以及併用後各變電所之系統短路容量小於斷路器遮斷容量，以降低新營P/S 161kV系統阻抗。經由實際運轉驗證新營P/S之假日電壓品質率由90%以下改善提升至96%以上，MTr. OLTC假日動作次數30~50次降為30次以下。

As the countries all over the world face the demand of developments, many large electric users, such as steel and petrochemical plants, semiconductor parks, and distributed generation energy systems, have been widely operated on power system network, and many manufacturers start to increase the productivity by expanding set up more equipment for meeting the requirement of developments. Meanwhile, the operations of steel plants play the most important role since they provide steel materials which are most essential on industry developments. Electric arc furnaces (EAFs) are commonly used on steel industries for steel-making; however, the operation of EAFs present violent and random characteristic which may cause considerable power quality problems in the power system. Among all of the power quality problems, the most significant pollution comes from the voltage flicker.
In this study, the goal is to discuss the power quality problems that occur on Xinying P/S power supply system. Xinying P/S feeds electric power to some steel-making customers. Due to the nonlinear operation of EAF loads on these customers, serious voltage fluctuations have been observed at the bus connected to the P/S transformers. The on-load tap changers (OLTC or ULTC) of the transformer have thus frequently switching on and off, which may cause damages of transformers and also affect the power supply quality.
This study is proposed to increase the power pool of the Xin-Ying P / S (connects the Xin-Ying P / S and San-San P / S) during off-peak time of the power system.. Using mathematics network node and PSSE (Power System Simulator for Engineering) simulation software verify the voltage fluctuation and the system short-circuit capacity. The actual operation of the new system improve from 90% or less increased to more than 96% for voltage quality ratio, MTr. OLTC action number reduced to 30 times or less everyday.

第一章 前言-------------------------------------------------------------1
1.1 研究動機與背景-----------------------------------------------------1
1.2 研究目的及方法-----------------------------------------------------3
1.3 本論文架構概述-----------------------------------------------------5
第二章 電弧爐特性及OLTC控制動作說明----------------------------------- -----6
2.1 電弧爐負載簡介-----------------------------------------------------6
2.2 交流電弧爐電氣特性--------------------------------------------------9
2.3 直流電弧爐電氣特性-------------------------------------------------10
2.4 電壓品質改善方案---------------------------------------------------11
2.5 OLTC控制動作說明--------------------------------------------------13
2.6 電壓控制品質資料---------------------------------------------------26
第三章 鋼鐵廠電力品質特性與對策--------------------------------------------27
3.1 系統介紹--------------------------------------------------------- 27
3.2 新營C鋼鐵線量測項目與位置--------------------------------------------28
3.3 下營AB鋼鐵線量測項目與位置-------------------------------------------29
3.4 電力品質測量結果---------------------------------------------------30
3.5 量測結論--------------------------------------------------------- 34
3.6 過去因應對策------------------------------------------------------ 36
第四章、 降低系統阻抗研究於電力品質改善研究------------------------------------37
4.1 網路節點電壓和線路壓降之補償計算--------------------------------------43
4.2 新營P/S系統容量數學探討---------------------------------------------46
4.3 PSSE(Power System Simulator for Engineering )軟體模擬------------48
4.4 分析探討--------------------------------------------------------- 60
4.5 電力系統保護模式之探討----------------------------------------------62
第五章 改善成效與探討----------------------------------------------------64
5.1 初步成效--------------------------------------------------------- 64
5.2. 擴大併用時間效果------------------------------------------------ 67
第六章 結論與未來研究方向-------------------------------------------- 72
參考文獻 --------------------------------------------------------------- 75
附件 --------------------------------------------------------------- 77

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