臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

知識的累積與流通，已然成為知識型企業與產業發展的基礎，因此如何提升廠商的研發能力，並持續累積知識的能量，將是我國產業邁向知識創新世紀的挑戰與關鍵。新經濟時代的來臨，即是以知識為主體的經濟型態，由於知識的總量迅速的擴張，加上其傳播速度加快，如何讓知識有效地累積下來成為首要之務。台灣缺乏通訊人才早已是不爭的事實，尤其欠缺關鍵技術的研究開發人才與高階經理人。長期以來，關鍵的通訊技術由美國、歐洲等少數國家所掌握，加上產業變化迅速，台灣的通訊技術研發與人力資源發展已落後先進國家太多，不僅連日本和南韓都比不上，甚至中國大陸也正在急起直追，再加上通訊技術的變動是非常的快速，使得相關從業人員，必須不斷學習，激發知識的創造、分享與使用，以延續組織的生命，所以不論個人、群體或企業都必須創造、累積最有價值的資源－－知識，以期台灣的通訊業能進入世界通訊產業的核心。

本研究之定量研究方法採用層級分析法（Analytic hierarchy process, AHP）進行定量分析，同時依據質化研究之文獻探討與專家訪談結果，將影響知識累積的因素建立層級決策模式，本研究選擇電信業及其設備供應商之專家作為調查對象，依其對於每個因素的重要性的主觀判斷給予數值，經加權處理後以數學量化模式表達出各個層級與整體之相對權重，本研究結果顯示在主要構面方面，「核心知識」為專家們認為影響知識累積最關鍵之因素，組織內化又比外部獲取更為重要。至於次要構面方面，「員工向心力」為影響知識累積最關鍵之因素，其次為「員工學習的態度」及「高階主管的支持」。

Knowledge is one of the main economic sources in the new era of economy, and knowledge accumulation and circulation have become the bases of knowledge-based enterprises and industrial development. However, to enhance the research and development (R&D) capabilities of manufacturers and to continue to accumulate knowledge have obviously grown into the keys and challenges of the new century in Taiwan’s industry. By the rapid expansion and spreading of knowledge, accumulating knowledge effectively becomes the prior priority in industry. Taiwan has been lacking of talents in technologies of telecomm industry, particularly in the expertises of R&D and executive management. It has been a long time that the key telecomm technologies have been dominated in the United States and Europe, and the technology life cycle in the telecomm industry is changing dramantically; therefore, the development of Taiwan''s R&D and human resource has been lagging behind, comparing to the advanced countries in the world. In order to prolong the duration of enterprises, the related employees in the enterprises should learn constantly to create, to share, to utilize and to spread knowledge not only within enterprises but also in nations. The purpose of this study is to explore the key influential factors of knowledge accumulation in Taiwan’s telecomm industry.
The quantitative research method adopted in this study is utilizing AHP to analyze quantitative data, and the qualitative research method chosen in this study is based on the literature studies and the results of interviews with experts. This study selects the suppliers of telecomm facilities and experts of telecomm vendors as the questionnaire nominators. The results in this study shows that "Core Knowledge" is the significant factor to affect the knowledge accumulation by experts in the main dimensions. Knowledge from the access of internalization in an organization is more important than the access of externalization. As for the secondary dimensions, "Staff Centripetal Force" is the key factor to affect the knowledge accumulation, and the rest of factors in the secondary dimensions are followed by the series of "Staff Learning Attitude" and "Top Executive Managers Support".

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究範圍與限制 4
1.4 研究流程 5
第二章 文獻探討 7
2.1 知識的定義與分類 7
2.1.1 知識的定義 8
2.1.2 知識的分類 14
2.2 知識管理 20
2.2.1 知識取得 25
2.2.2 知識創造 28
2.2.3 知識儲存 33
2.2.4 知識分享 37
2.2.5 知識運用 44
2.3 知識累積 46
2.3.1 知識累積的重要性 49
2.3.2 知識累積的模式 50
2.3.3 知識累積的因素 51
2.4 通訊產業趨勢 54
2.4.1 通訊產業的發展與現況 54
2.4.2 行動取代固網（FMS） 58
2.4.3 全球互通的微波存取（WiMAX） 59
2.4.4 IP匯流 61
2.4.5 未來技術 62
2.4.5.1 行動通訊（4G） 62
2.4.5.2 行動電視 64
第三章 研究方法與步驟 68
3.1 影響知識累積之因素 68
3.2 層級分析法 72
3.3 資料蒐集方式 75
3.3.1 問卷設計 75
3.3.2 指標權重之計算 76
第四章 實證結果與分析 79
4.1 問卷調查結果 79
4.2 主構面權重與排序分析 79
4.3 次構面相關權重與排序分析 81
4.3.1 核心知識相關權重與排序分析 81
4.3.2 組織內化相關權重與排序分析 86
4.3.3 外部獲取相關權重與排序分析 91
第五章 結論與建議 97
5.1 結論 97
5.2 建議與未來研究方向 98
參考文獻 100
附錄 108

一、中文文獻
1.王德玲譯（2003），《延續管理》，臺北，天下出版。（原著：H. Beazley, J. Boenisch and D. Harden，2002，Continuity management：preserving corporate knowledge and productivity when employees leave）。
2.司徒達賢，（1999），「知識管理、創新與組織學習之研究」，國科會專題計畫報告書
3.吳行健（2000），「知識管理創造企業新價值」，管理雜誌，第316 期，頁84-86。
4.吳承芬譯（2000），《知識管理的基礎與實例》，台北，小知堂文化出版。（原著：森田松太郎、高梨智弘，1999，Nyuumon Knowledge Management Kihon to Jitsurei. Japan: Kanki.）
5.吳思華（1998），「知識流通對產業創新的影響」，第七屆產業管理研討會論文集。
6.吳美惠（2004），「跨疆域知識移轉之探討—以統一超商為例」，國立政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
7.李仁芳（1998），「聚智分金—台灣企業技術網路建構之探討」，第六屆產業管理研討會論文集。
8.李振昌譯（2000），《16 定位-Lotus 總裁眼中網路時代》，台北，大塊文化出版。（原著：J. P. Papows,1999）
9.李書政譯（2002），《知識管理─理論、評估、應用》，台北，麥格羅•希爾出版。（原著：Thomas Housel and A. H. Bell, 2001）
10.周芸薇（2000），「學習型組織評鑑量表之建立」，國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
11.林立軒（2002），「設計知識移轉績效評估之研究」，國立雲林科技大學工業設計研究所碩士論文。
12.林東清（2003），《知識管理》，台北，智勝文化出版。
13.林東清（2004），《知識管理》，台北，智勝文化出版。
14.林金楨（2003），「石化業知識管理應用之探討－以中美和石化公司為例」，國立中山大學管理學院高階經營碩士學程碩士在職專班碩士論文。
15.林澄貴（2001），「知識管理、工程專業人員核心能力與工作績效關係之研究－以中鋼公司為例」，中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
16.徐增明（2000），「邁向知識世紀之國家創新系統及政策研究」，國立政治大學88學年度研究成果發表會，國立政治政治學管理科學研究所，6 月20 日。
17.黃河明（1999），「從資訊應用進入知識管理之實務經驗」，產業論壇1卷1期。
18.張文強（2000），「報社組織知識儲存與分享之研究」，國立政治大學新聞研究所博士論文。
19.莊易達（2003），「電子報媒體知識取得、分享與儲存之研究」，國立中山大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文。
20.許強（1999），「吸收能力、網路關係與企業創新之關聯」，政治大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
21.陳文龍、鄭仲興、朱柏穎、蘇倍堅（2004），《下一個社會的創意焦點—組織知識共享的觀點》，台北，台灣創意設計中心出版，頁135-158。
22.陳永隆、莊宜昌（2005），《知識價值鏈―更新版》，台北，中國生產力中心出版。
23.勤業管理顧問公司（2000），《知識管理的第一本書》，台北，商周出版。
24.楊子江，王美音譯（1997），《創新求勝：智價企業論》，台北，遠流出版。
25.楊政學（2004），《知識管理》，台北，新文京開發出版。
26.葉乃嘉（2005），《知識管理－實務、專題與案例》，台北，新文京開發出版。
27.靳炯彬（2001），「以企業界知識管理探討未來圖書館經營之展望」，第五屆兩岸中華文化經營管理學術研討會論文集，頁G2-17~33。
28.劉京偉譯（2000），《知識管理的第一本書》，台北：商周出版。（原著：Arthur Anderson Business Consulting, 1999）
29.劉權瑩（1999），「資訊服務業知識管理之研究- - 以台灣H P 與台灣I B M 為例」，政治大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
30.潘寶蓮（2001），「協同合作廠商產品知識分享的成因及其對新產品開發績效影響之研究」，佛光人文社會學院資訊學研究所碩士論文。
31.盧希鵬，（2004），《電子商務：產業架構經營模式與電子化策略》，台北，雙葉書廊出版。
32.譚大純（1999），「知識管理的十八般武藝」，會計研究月刊
33.譚大純、劉廷揚、蔡明洲（1999），「知識管理文獻之回顧與分類」，中華民國科技研討會論文集，第一集，頁623-636。

二、網站參考文獻
1.ITU, 取自http://www.itu.org。
2.經濟部通訊產業發展小組，「台灣行動電視產業發展」，工業合作電子報，第11期。
3.電信三雄擴大投資因應數位匯流，取自http://www.cyberone.com.tw/ItemDetailPage/MainContent/05MediaContent.aspx?MMContentNoID=43958&MMMediaType=3GMobileCommunication
4.劉常勇（1999），知識管理定義，取自http://www.cme.org.tw/know/。
5.劉常勇（2004），知識管理與企業發展，取自http://cm.nsysu.edu.tw/~cyliu/。



三、英文文獻
1.3GPP（1999）, “ Proposal for UMTS packet architecture ”.
2.3GPP TS 36.213 v1.0.0, “Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network, Physical layer procedures”.
3.3GPP TS 36.211 v1.0.0, “Physical Channel and Modulation”
4.Argote, L.（1999）, ” Organizational learning：Creating, retaining and transferring knowledge”, Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
5.Badaracco, J.（1991）, “The Knowledge Link：How Firms Compete through Strategic Alliances”, Havard Bussiness School Press.
6.Barry, B. and Stephens, Carroll U. （1998）, “Objections to an Objectivist Approach to Integrity”, Academy of Management Review, Vol.23(1).
7.Beckman, T.（1997）, “A Methodology for Knowledge Management”. International Association of Science and Technology for Development''s（IASTED）International Conference on AI and Soft Computing Canada I Banff.
8.Bonora, E, A., and Revang.（1991）, ” A Strategic Framework for Analyzing Professional Service Firms-Development Strategies for Sustained Performance”, Strategic Management Society Interorganizational Conference, Toronto, Canada.
9.Cohen, W. M. and Levinthal, D. A.（1990）, ” Absorptive capacity; A new perspective on learning and innovation”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.35, pp.128-152.
10.Collins, H.（1993）, ”The Structure of Knowledge”, Social Research, Vol.60, pp.95-116.
11.Cusumano, M. A., and Elenkov, D.（1994）, “Linking international tech-nology with strategy and management：A literature commentary”, Research Policy, Vol.23（2）, pp.195-215.
12.Davenport, T. H.（1998）, “Successful knowledge management projects”. Sloan Management Review, pp. 43-57.
13.Davenport, T. H. and Prusak, L. （1999）, “Working Knowledge：How Organizations Manage What They Know”, Boston, Harvard Business School Press.
14.Davenport, T.H., Delong, W.D., and Beers, C.M.（1998）, “Successful Knowledge Management Projects”, Sloan Management Review, pp.43-75.
15.Demsetz, H. （1991）, “The Theory of the Firm Revisited”, in O. E. Williamson and S. Winter (Eds.), The Nature of the Firm , London：Oxford University Press.
16.Drucker, P. F. （1993）, “Post-Capitalist Society”, London, Oxford, Butterworth Henemann, Harper Business.
17.Fraser, K. and Novak, J.（1998）, ” Managing the empowerment of employees to address issues of inter-employee co-operation, communication and work redesign”, The Learning Organization, Vol.5（3）, pp.109-120.
18.Friar, J. and Horwitch, M.（1986）, “The Emergence of Technology Strategy：Anew Dimension of Strategic Management”, New York：Pergamon Press Inc.
19.Garrity, Edward J., and Siplor, Janice C.（1994）, ”Multimedia as a Vehicle for Knowledge Modeling in Expert System”, export System with Application, Vol.7（3）, pp.397-406.
20.Gartner Group（1999）, “Knowledge Management：Understanding the Core value and science”, Gartner Group Business Technology Journal.
21.Georg von krogh（1998）, “Care in knowledge creation”, California Management Review, Berkeley, Spring.
22.Ghingold, M.（1998）, “ Intrafirm technical knowledge and competitive advantage：a framework and exploratory study”, Journal of Business Strategies, Vol.15（2）, pp.108-129.
23.Gilbert, M. and Gordey-Hayes, M.（1996）, “Understanding The Process of Knowledge Transfer to Achieve Successful Technological Innovation”, Technovation, Vol.16（6）, pp.301-312.
24.Grant, R. M. （1996a）, “Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.17, pp.109-122.
25.Grant, R. M. （1996b）, “Prospering in Dynamically-Competitive Environments：Organizational Capability as Knowledge Integration”, Organization Science, Vol.7（4）, pp.375-387.
26.Hansen, N., Morten, T. and Thomas, Tierney（1999）, “What’s Your Strategy for Managing Knowledge?”, Harvard Business Review , Vol.77（2）, pp.106-117.
27.Harem, Thorvald and Krogh, Georg Von and Roos, Johan（1996）, “Knowledge-Based Strategic Change”, in Georg Von Krogh and Johan Roos (ed.), Managing Knowledge-Perspectives on Cooperation and Competition, SAGE Publications.
28.Harris （1998）, ” A broad vista”, Canadian Insurance, Toronto; Vol. 103（7）, pp.14-16.
29.Hattori, T.（1986）, “Technology transfer and management systems”. The Developing Economics, Vol.26（4）, pp.314-325.
30.Hedlund, Gunnar（1994）, ”A model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15, pp.73-90.
31.Helleloid, Duane and Bernard Simonin（1994） , ”Organizational Learning and a Firm’s Core Competence”, in Hemel and Heene Competence-Based Competition.
32.Hendriks, P.（1999）” Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on motivationfor knowledge sharing”, Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.6（2）, pp.91-100.
33.Hidding, G. and Shireen, M. C.（1998）, “Anatomy of a learning organization：Turning knowledge into capital at Andersen Consulting”, Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.5 （1）, pp.3-13.
34.Holtshouse（1998） “Knowledge research issues”, California Management Review, Berkeley, Vol. 40（3）, pp.277-230.
35.Howells, J. (1996), “Tacit knowledge, innovation and technology transfer”, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol.8（2）, pp.91-106.
36.Huber, G.P.（1991）, “Organizational learning：the contributing processes and the literatures”, Organization Science, Vol.2（1）, pp.88-115.

37.Iansiti, M. and Clark, K. B.（1994） , “Integration and Dynamics Capability: Evidence from Product Development in Automobiles and Mainframe Computers”, Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol.3, pp.557-605.
38.Ikujiro Nonaka（1995）, “The Knowledge-Creating Company”, Harvard Business Review”, pp.96-104.
39.Inkpen Andrew C.（1996） “Creating Knowledge through Collaboration”, California Management Review, Vol. 39（1）, pp.123-140.
40.Irma B. and Rajiv S.（2001）, “Organizational Knowledge Management：A Contingency Perspective”, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol.18, pp. 23-55.
41.Kim, Linsu, (1997), “ Imitation to Innovation: The Dynamics of a Korea’s Technological Learning”, Harvard Business School Press.
42.Knapp, E. M. （1998）, “Knowledge management”, Business and Economic Review, pp.3-6.
43.Kogut, Bruceand and Udo Zander(1993), “Knowledge of the Firm and the Evolution Theory of the Multinational Corporation”, Journal of International Business Studies,24(4), 625-645.
44.Koenig,（1998）,“The 1998 Conference Board Conference”,Information Today,July/August,pp.13 & pp.51
45.KPMG (2000), ”Knowledge Management Research Report 2000”, KPMG Consulting.
46.Krauss, R. M. and Fussell, S. R. （1990）, “ Mutual Knowledge and Communications Effectiveness, Intellectual Teamwork：Social and Technological Foundations of Cooperative Work”, NJ, Hillsdale, pp.111-145..
47.Krogh, G. V. , K. Ichijo. and I. Nonaka. （2000）, “ Enabling Knowledge Creation”, New York：Oxford University Press.
48.Laurie, J.（1997）, “Harnessing the Power of Intellectual Capital”, Training and Development, Vol.51（12）, pp.25-30.
49.Laurie, J., and Mark E. Van Buren. (1999), “Valuing investment in intellectual capital”, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol.18（5-8）, pp.414-432.
50.Leonard-Barton, D. (1995), ”Wellsprings of Knowledge：building and sustaining the sources of Innovation”, Boston, MA, Harvard Bussiness School Press.
51.Levitt, B. and March, J. G.（1988）, “Organizational Learning”, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 14, pp.319-340.
52.Matusik, S. F. and Hill, C. W. L. （1998）, “The utilization of contingent work, knowledge creation, and competitive advantage”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23（4）, pp.680-697.
53.Merali, Y. (2001), “Building and Developing Capabilies：A Cognitive Congruence Framework”, in R. Sanchez（eds.）, “Knowledge Management Organizational Competence”, Oxford University Press, New York.
54.Musen, A. M.（1992）, “Dimensions of Knowledge Sharing and Reuse”, Computers and Bio-medical Research, Vol. 25, pp.435-467.
55.Nevis, E. C., DiBella, A. J. and Gould, J. M. （1995）“Understanding Organizations as Learning Systems”, Sloan Management Review, Vol.36（2）, pp.73-86.
56.Nonaka, I. （1991）, “The Knowledge-Creating Company”, Harvard Business Review, Vol.69, pp.96-104.
57.Nonaka, I. （1994）, “A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation”, Organization Science, Vol.5（1）, pp.14–37.
58.Nonaka I. And Takeuchi, H.（1995）, ”The Knowledge-Creating Company”, New York, Oxford University Press.
59.Nonaka, I. and Toyama, R.（2003）, “The knowledge-creating theory revisited：knowledge creation as synthesizing process”, Knowledge Management Research and Practice, Vol.1, pp.5-6.
60.O’ Dell, C.S., Essaides, N., Jackson, C., and Grayson, C., Jr. （1998）, “If only we knew what we know：The transfer of internal knowledge and best practice”, New York, Free Press.
61.OECD（1996）, “The Essential Facilities Concept”, OECD, Paris.
62.Papows, J. （1999）, “Enterprise.com, Market Leadership in the Information Ages”, Nicholas Brealey Publishing, London.
63.Petrash, G. （1996）, “Dow''s journal to a knowledge value management culture”, European Management Journal, Vol.14（4）, pp.365-373.
64.Polanyi, Michael （1958）, “Personal Knowledge”, Routledge.
65.Popper, K. R.（1973）, “Objective Knowledge”, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
66.Purser, R. E. and Pasmore, W. A. （1992）, “Organizing for Learning”, in Pasmore, William A. and Woodman, Richard W. (eds.), Research in Organizational Change and Development, London：JAI Press.
67.Quinn, J. B., Anderson, P. and Finkelstein, S.（1996）, ”Managing Professional Intellect：Making the Most of the Best”, Havard Bussiness Review, pp.234-256.
68.Roper-Low, G.C. and Sharp, J.A.（1990）, “The Analytic Hierarchy Process and Its Application To an Information Technology Decision”, Journal of Operational Research Society, Vol.1, pp.49-60.
69.Roos, G. and Roos, J.（1997）,“Measuring Your Company''s Intellectual Performance”, Long Range Planning, Vol.30（3）, pp.413-426.
70.Ruggles, R.（1996）, “Knowledge Management Tools”, Boston, Butterworth-Heinemann.
71.Sarvary（1999）, “Knowledge management and competition in the consulting industry”, California Management Review, Vol.41（2）, pp.95–107.
72.Satty, T. L. (1977), “A Scaling Method For Priorities in Hierarchical Structures”, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Vol.15（2）, pp.234-281.
73.Saaty, T. L.（1980）, “The analytic hierarchy process”, New York, McGraw-Hill.
74.Saaty, T. L（1982）, “Decision Making for Leaders.Belmont”, California, Lifetime Learning Publications.
75.Senge, P. （1997）, “Sharing Knowledge”, Executive Excellence, Vol.14（11）, pp.17-18.
76.Simon, H. A.（1996）, ”Knowledge and the time to attend to it”, International Conference of High Performance of Global Corporation, pp.21.
77.Smith, K.（1995）, ”Interactions in Knowledge System: Foundations Policy Implications and Emprirical Methods”, STI Review, Vol.16, pp.69-102.
78.Snowden, D.J.（2000）, “Liberating Knowledge”, Paper Presented at Knowledge Management and Organization Learning Conference.
79.Spek And Spijkervet（1997）, “Knowledge Management：Dealing Intelligently With Knowledge”.
80.Spiegler, I.（2000）, “Knowledge Management：A New Idea or A Recycled Concept?” Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Vol.3（14）.
81.Stein, E. W.（1995）, “Organizational memory：Review of concepts and recommendations for management”, International Journal of Information Management, Vol.15, pp.17-32.
82.Stewart, T.A.（1997）, “Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations”, New York,Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc.
83.Sveiby, Narl Erik（1997）, “The New Organization Wealth：Managing and Measuring Knowledge-Based Assets”, San Francisco, betrett-koehler.
84.Tripsas, M. （1997）, “Surviving Radical Technological Change through Dynamic Capability：Evidence form Typestter Industry”, Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol.6（2）, pp.341-377.
85.UMTS（2000）, ”The UMTS Third Generation Market-Structuring the Service Revenue Opportunities”.
86.Volberda, Henk W., Van Den Bosch, Frans A. J. and Boer, De Michiel （1999）, “Managing Organizational Knowledge Integration in the Emerging Multimedia Complex”, Journal of Management Studies , Vol.36（3）, pp.379-398.
87.Wenzel Bernd G. （1996）, “Product Knowledge Sharing in Industry：STEP, PLIB, andmore, Workshop on Product Knowledge Sharing for Integrated Enterprises” （PDTAG-AM product Data Technology Advisory Group）, Held in Basel, October, Switzerland.
88.Wiig, K.M.（1995）, “Knowledge Management Foundations-Thinking about Thiuking-How People and Organizations Create, Represent, and Use Knowledge” , Texas, Schema Press Arlington.
89.Wigg, K.M.（1997）, “Knowledge Management：Where Did It Come From and Where Will It Go?”, Expert System with Application, Vol. 13（1）, pp. 1-14.
90.Xiaochuan, Z., Honghui, Z. and Dingfang, C.（2003）, “Research of knowledge chain in intelligent control”, Robotics, Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing.
91.Zack, Michael H.（1999）,“Managing Codified Knowledge”, Sloan Management Review, Summer, Vol.40（4）, pp.45-57.
92.Zander, Udo and Bruce Kought.（1995）, ”Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Limitation of Organization Capabilities：An empirical Test” Organization Science, Vol.6（1）, pp.76-92.