臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於台灣對於青春期學生第二性徵發育的研究資料，大多集中在女性第二性徵之初經來臨時間的調查。因此，本研究進行台灣北部、中部、南部與東部地區之國中小學生五年級至八年級自填式問卷調查，從中了解全國第二性徵發育現況與其潛在影響因素。
第二性徵或稱副性徵，意指男女除了性生殖器有無之外，在外型、身材、體態、相貌、聲音等差異。本研究所使用的第二性徵變項，男生為青春痘、喉結突出、腋下和陰部長出體毛、鬍鬚、肩膀變寬、夢遺、聲音低沉；女生為青春痘、乳房發育、腋下和陰部長出體毛、皮下脂肪變多、臀部變大、出現月經。經分層抽樣，台灣北、中、東及南部地區回收之有效問卷共956份。其中男性有 493 位，女性 463 位；各地區問卷回收率平均達九成以上。經統計，年齡、身高、體重與大部份第二性徵發育有顯著正相關。分析第二性徵發育之潛在影響因子部分， 以第二性徵為依變項，年齡、BMI、發育補品、睡眠、運動、市郊區、肉蛋白得分為自變項作邏輯斯迴歸分析。結果顯示，年齡對男生青春痘、喉結突出、體毛與夢遺以及女生青春痘、體毛與出現月經有顯著影響；發育補品則對女生體毛、出現月經有顯著影響。
此外，與先前研究相比，我們發現，各年級女性最小初經年齡有下降的情況。另根據邏輯斯迴歸的結果，有服用發育補品者，其月經和體毛提早出現的機會較一般人高出許多，OR值分別為 2.75 及 1.88，推測可能與中藥補品內含生長激素等促進發育成熟的成份有關。男生有較長運動時數者，青春痘的風險較高，推測是衛生習慣不佳之故。同時也發現睡眠時間介於6~8小時的男生，青春痘出現機率較高。
目前台灣尚無研究探討發育補品服用的多寡，對女性第二性徵的詳細影響，建議未來可針對經常服用發育補品的族群作深入研究，例如，設計對照組與實驗組或世代的追蹤，以觀察發育補品的服用是否明顯高於對照組。此外，環境條件對第二性徵影響的部分，本研究尚有後續的農藥暴露與青春期學童第二性徵之相關性研究

Most of the research data of secondary sexual characteristics of pubertal student in Taiwan concentrate in the beginning of female menarche, so this research contains the self-administration questionnaires of whole Taiwan elementary and junior high school students from 5 to 8 to realize the status and potential factors of secondary sexual characteristics.

Secondary sexual characteristics refers the difference of the appearance, figure, face and voice exclusive of reproductive organ. Boy’s Secondary sexual characteristics of this research are acne, the Adam’s apple, pubic hair, armpit hair, facial hair, nocturnal emission and voice change. Girls Secondary sexual characteristics of this research are acne, breast, pubic hair, armpit hair, subcutaneous fat, buttocks and menarche. By stratified random sampling, we retrieve 956 effective questionnaires which have 493 boys and 463 girls from whole parts of Taiwan. The Responding rate is higher than 90%. According to the results, ages, heights, weights and most secondary sexual characteristics have strong positive correlation. Taking Secondary sexual characteristics as dependent variables and taking ages, body mass index, tonic supplements , sleeping, exercise, urban/rural area ,and total scores of meat-protein as independent variables to analyze the potential factors shows that Ages have significant correlations on boy’s Acne, the Adam’s apple, pubic hair, armpit hair, girl’s acne, pubic hair, armpit hair and menarche. Tonic supplements have significant correlations on girl’s pubic hair, armpit hair and menarche.

Besides, comparing with former research, we find that the coming age of menarche becomes lower in each grade.
And according to the result of logistic regression shows that students having tonic supplements have greater opportunity on the present of menarche pubic hair and armpit hair than others, and the ORs rate are 2.75 and 1.88 respectively. This result maybe related to tonic supplements which containing growth hormone which promote the growth of body. Boys who have longer time on exercise have greater opportunity on the present of acne and this maybe related to personal health. In addition, we find that students who sleeping between 6~8 hrs have greater opportunity on the present of acne.

So far, because there is no research concentrate to discuss the issue about having tonic supplements cause effect on girl’s secondary sexual characteristics, we can research focus on the population of having tonic supplements in the future. For example, designing case-control or cohort study to observe that whether proportion of having tonic supplements is higher than controls or not. Finally, we will continue to detect the pesticide in urine of pubertal students for the further environment’s effect on secondary sexual characteristics.

目錄
目錄 I
表目錄 III
圖目錄、附錄 IV
摘要 Ⅴ
關鍵字：青春期、第二性徵、環境、飲食、生活習慣 Ⅵ
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 4
1.3 研究問題 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
2.1青春期的定義與發展 5
2.2 第二性徵的定義與發展 6
2.3第二性徵發育的研究調查 11
2.4影響第二性徵的潛在因素 12
第三章 研究方法 17
3.1 方法 17
3.1.1 研究理論架構 17
3.1.2 研究設計 18
3.1.3 研究對象與選取方式 18
3.1.4 問卷調查與實施方式 19
3.1.5飲食份量計算方式 20
3.1.6統計方法及過程 20
第四章 結果 22
4.1 研究對象之基本資料描述 22
4.1.1身高、體重及BMI 22
4.1.2父母親職業、教育程度情形 25
4.2研究對象之環境、飲食及生活習慣情形 26
4.2.1居家環境情形 26
4.2.2發育補品服用情形 26
4.2.3吃素情形 27
4.2.4飲食種類和頻率 27
4.2.5睡眠及運動等生活習慣 28
4.3研究對象之第二性徵發育情形 29
4.3.1男學生 29
4.3.2 女學生 30
4.4基本資料、環境、飲食及生活習慣與第二性徵相關性 33
4.4.1男學生 33
4.4.2女學生 34
4.5影響青春期學生第二性徵發育因子之邏輯斯迴歸分析 35
4.5.1男學生 35
4.5.2女學生 36
第五章 討論 37
5.1 本研究與國外第二性徵發育比較 37
5.2學生基本資料探討 38
5.3環境、飲食與生活習慣探討 39
5.4 本國學生第二性徵發育情形比較 40
5.5 邏輯斯迴歸分析探討 42
5.6研究限制 44
第六章 結論與建議 45
參考文獻 47

表目錄

表1-1 不同年級、性別之基本資料 56
表1-2 國小五、六年級學生不同地區及性別之基本資料 57
表1-3 國中一、二年級學生不同地區及性別之基本資料 58
表1-4 國中小不同性別之各年級各地區基本資料分佈 59
表2-1 國小五、六年級學生不同區域及性別之父母親職業與教育程度情形 60
表2-2 國中一、二年級學生不同地區及性別之父母親職業與教育程度情形61
表3 國中、小學生發育補品服用與居家環境情形 62
表4 國中、小學生不同地區及性別之發育補品服用與居家環境情形 63
表5-1 國中、小不同地區及性別之飲食種類攝取情形 64
表5-2 國中、小學生不同年級之飲食種類攝取情形 65
表6 國中、小學生睡眠運動情形 66
表7-1 國小五、六年級學生不同地區及性別之睡眠運動情形 67
表7-2 國中一、二年級學生不同地區及性別之睡眠運動情形 68
表8 國中、小男女學生不同年級之第二性徵發育情形百分比 69
表9 國中、小男女學生不同地區之第二性徵發育情形 70
表10 基本資料、環境、飲食、生活習慣與男生第二性徵相關性 71
表11 第二性徵與環境、飲食、生活習慣顯著相關變項之列聯表 72
表12 基本資料、環境、飲食、生活習慣與女生第二性徵相關性 73
表13 第二性徵與環境、飲食、生活習慣顯著相關變項之分佈情形 74
表14 利用邏輯斯迴歸分析全部學生之第二性徵發育影響因子 75
表15 本研究與94學年國中小學學生健康狀況調查報告差異 76

圖目錄

圖1-1 全部男學生依年齡分組之第二性徵發育情形 77
圖1-2 不同地區男生第二性徵發育情形 78
圖1-3 全部女學生依年齡分組之第二性徵發育情形 79
圖1-4 不同地區女生第二性徵發育情形 80
圖 2 本研究女性出現月經比率之比較 81

附錄

問卷 82

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