臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用台中福田水資源回收中心廢棄活性污泥、台中大度山的紅土以及化學添加物混和燒製成顆粒狀載體。由於不同的污泥比例會影響燒製載體的吸水率、密度以及強度，因此利用實驗設計方法 (DOE)，找出製作污泥載體的最佳比例為，在顆粒中加入50%的污泥。另外，為了增加微生物生長及促進處理效率，在原料中添加了營養鹽 ( KH2PO4、KNO3)。
利用回收污泥製作的生物載體將利用在循序批分式反應槽中 (SBBR)，將兩個系統(傳統SBBR及添加營養鹽載體SBBR)的即時監測數據 ( ORP, pH, DO) 及水質分析數據進行比較，本研究係利用反應槽中之氧化還原電位(ORP)變化，推導控制因子的模式。而在140天不同濃度 Loading Ⅰ (F/M: 0.309 kg COD/ kg MLSS-day, 0.039 kg NH4+-N/ kg MLSS-day, C/N: 8.02), Ⅱ (F/M: 0.430 kg COD/ kg MLSS-day, 0.053 kg NH4+-N/ kg MLSS-day, C/N: 8.04) 以及 III (F/M: 0.627 kg COD/ kg MLSS-day, 0.078 kg NH4+-N/ kg MLSS-day, C/N: 8.13) 馴養污泥至steady state後，進行同時硝化脫硝(SND)的操作。同時硝化脫硝反應(SND)是較短路徑的脫硝反應，可減少汙泥量及提高處理效率。由實驗結果得知，添加含有營養鹽之載體之反應槽效果較添加原始載體的SND效果為佳( SND效率 98 % > 96 % )，即可減少汙泥處理的時間。且在實驗室操作測試中，此回收污泥製成的載體可使用至少超過兩年，不會被破壞，因此可以增加實際使用的實用性。

In this study, the wasted activated sludge (WAS) from a local municipal wastewater treatment plant in Taichung was mixed with laterite and some chemical additives and then backed to make porous WAS pellets. Optimal formula to assemble the porous pellets was obtained using design of experiment (DOE) method. Various assembling formula between WAS and laterite resulted in different water absorption capacity, bulk density, and compressive strength of the sintered products. Additionally, some nutrients (i.e., KH2PO4, KNO3) were added into the pellets in an attempt to allow more microbial growth. Monitored data for the SBBR system (with raw pallets) and the SBBR-Nutrient system (with nutrient added pellets) were compared to determine treatment variation. Results shows that the pellets (with nutrients) reused in sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) had notable biofilm formed enhancing wastewater treatment performance significantly. Furthermore, the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) efficiency for the SBBR-Nutrient system (98%) were better than that of the SBBR system with raw pellets (96%). Overall results suggested the porous WAS pellets with nutrients addition could be used as an appropriate biofilm carrier during wastewater processing.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background Information 1
1.2 Objective of Research 5
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Characteristic of Wasted Activated Sludge (WAS) 6
2.1.1 Sources and Types of Wasted Activated Sludge (WAS) 6
2.1.2 Composition of Wasted Activated Sludge (WAS) 7
2.1.3 Wasted Activated Sludge Recycling 9
2.2 The WAS sintering 11
2.3 Mechanism of immobilized system 14
2.3.1 Formation of attached biofilm on the bio-carriers 14
2.3.2 The biofilm system 16
2.4 Biological nutrient removal (BNR) 18
2.4.1 Nitrification 18
2.4.2 Denitrification 19
2.4.3 Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) 20
2.4 Sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) 23
2.5 Nernst Equation 25
2.6 Design of Experiments (DOE) 27
CHAPTER 3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 28
3.1 Experimental design and flow chart 28
3.2 Rebuilt WAS as biofilm carrier 30
3.2.1 The procedure of manufacture the WAS pellets 30
3.2.2 The addition of nutrients 31
3.3 The WAS sampling and basic characteristics analysis 33
3.3.1 Compressive strength 34
3.3.2 Water absorption 34
3.3.3 Bulk density 35
3.3.4 Specific external surface area 35
3.3.5 Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) 36
3.4 The sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) system 38
3.4.1 Experiment setup 38
3.4.2 The real-time monitor 39
3.4.3 Experiment operation 40
3.4.4 Composition of the synthetic wastewater 41
3.5 The methods of analysis 45
3.5.1 The methods of water analysis 45
3.5.2 Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) 46
3.5.3 Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) analyses 47
3.5.4 The particle size analysis 48
3.5.5 X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) 48
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 50
4.1 The basic characteristic of the domestic waste activated sludge 50
4.2 The characteristic of the biofilm carrier pellets 54
4.2.1 The TCLP test 56
4.2.2 The pellets surface image and composition 57
4.2.3 The XRD patterns of the pellets 62
4.3 Apply the rebuilt WAS pellets in SBBR systems 64
4.3.1 The daily monitor profiles in system 64
4.3.2 The profiles of a cycle in the two SBBR systems 67
4.3.3 The profiles of batch tests 72
4.3.4 The biomass of two pellets in systems 82
4.4 Comparison the KN, KDN and SND efficiency of different system 83
4.5 Model Development 86
4.5.1 Overall SND process in immobilized system 86
4.5.2 Nernst Equation established in SND Process 87
4.5.3 Application SBBR SND system 91
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 93
5.1 Conclusions 93
5.2 Suggestions 94
REFERENCE 95

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