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研究生:莊國治
研究生(外文):CHUANG KUO CHIH
論文名稱:洋桔梗之肥培管理
論文名稱(外文):Studies on Fertilization of Eustoma russellianum
指導教授:黃裕銘
指導教授(外文):Huang Yuh Ming
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:土壤環境科學系
學門:農業科學學門
學類:農業化學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:1999
畢業學年度:87
語文別:中文
論文頁數:67
中文關鍵詞:洋桔梗
外文關鍵詞:Eustoma
相關次數:
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摘要
洋桔梗為本省新興花卉,於近幾年躍升為受歡迎之高經濟切花作物,許多農民對於其栽培有很大的興趣,然而關於其肥培管理甚少。本試驗的目的在探討有機質肥料、石灰、氮肥型態和種植密度的效應對洋桔梗生育及土壤性質之影響。兩個複因子試驗,一個為秋作,另一個為春作,兩者都採用裂區設計。
秋作試驗中供試土壤最初pH為7.30,經試驗後結果顯示,石灰效應並不顯著,然而施用有機質肥料會提高洋桔梗的品質,包括植株的切花長度、花朵數和鮮乾重,但處理間差異皆未達顯著的水準。在兩個試驗中施用硝酸態氮的量為化學氮肥總氮量的50﹪或67 ﹪之處理時均會提高洋桔梗的品質,且其規格都達到市場的標準,但兩者間差異都未達顯著水準。高種植密度會增加植株高度,但會減少花朵數,從土壤養分中評估施肥殘效後,建議使用化學肥料的施用量N:P2O5:K2O分別為0.6:0.4:0.3每株/克。
摘要
洋桔梗為本省新興花卉,於近幾年躍升為受歡迎之高經濟切花作物,許多農民對於其栽培有很大的興趣,然而關於其肥培管理甚少。本試驗的目的在探討有機質肥料、石灰、氮肥型態和種植密度的效應對洋桔梗生育及土壤性質之影響。兩個複因子試驗,一個為秋作,另一個為春作,兩者都採用裂區設計。
秋作試驗中供試土壤最初pH為7.30,經試驗後結果顯示,石灰效應並不顯著,然而施用有機質肥料會提高洋桔梗的品質,包括植株的切花長度、花朵數和鮮乾重,但處理間差異皆未達顯著的水準。在兩個試驗中施用硝酸態氮的量為化學氮肥總氮量的50﹪或67 ﹪之處理時均會提高洋桔梗的品質,且其規格都達到市場的標準,但兩者間差異都未達顯著水準。高種植密度會增加植株高度,但會減少花朵數,從土壤養分中評估施肥殘效後,建議使用化學肥料的施用量N:P2O5:K2O分別為0.6:0.4:0.3每株/克。

Abstract
In recent year Eustoma russellianum becomes flower in Taiwan. Lots of farmers are interested in its cultivation, but the management is rather no reference to follow. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of organic fertilzer, liming, forms of nitrogen, and plant density on its growth and flower quality. Two factorial experiments, one in autumn season and the other in spring season, both were carried out in split plot design.
In automn experiment the initial soil pH was at 7.30, results showed that no liming effect found. The use of organic fertilizer increased flower qualities of length, flower numbers per shoot, and fresh and dry weight but did not reach siginficant level. The use of nitrate nitrogen at 50﹪or 67﹪of total chemical nitrogen increased flower quality in both experiments but not at significant level because that in the study the flower were all at standard in for marketing. High plant density increased plant height, but decreased flower numbers for each shoot. Form evaluating the residual effects of fertilization on soil fertility the rate of chemical fertilizers N:P2O5:K2O was suggested at 0.6 : 0.4 : 0.3g/plant.

目錄
頁次
謝誌-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
中文摘要-----------------------------------------------------------------------ⅢⅠ
英文摘要-----------------------------------------------------------------------ⅣⅢ
目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------ⅤⅤ
表次-----------------------------------------------------------------------------ⅦⅧ
圖次-----------------------------------------------------------------------------ⅨⅨ
附表次--------------------------------------------------------------------------ⅩⅩ
壹、 前言-------------------------------------------------------------------------1貳、 前人研究-------------------------------------------------------------------3一、洋桔梗的特性-------------------------------------------------------3二、影響洋桔梗生長的環境因子-------------------------------------5三、洋桔梗生長的習性------------------------------------------------8四、矮化劑和植物生長劑在花卉上的應用-----------------------10五、不同養分含量對盆栽洋桔梗性狀之影響--------------------11六、不同氮肥型態對植物生長之影響-----------------------------12七、石灰師用的效應--------------------------------------------------17八、有機質肥料施用之效應-----------------------------------------18參、 材料與方法--------------------------------------------------------------20一、 有機質肥料不同型態的氮肥比率及石灰施用對洋 桔梗生長之影響--------------------------------------------------20二、 種植密度及不同型態的氮肥比率對洋桔梗生長之 影響-----------------------------------------------------------------27
肆、 結果與討論--------------------------------------------------------------31一、 有機肥、石灰及不同氮肥型態、對秋作洋桔梗生育 及土壤性質之影響-----------------------------------------------31二、 二種種植密度和不同氮肥型態,對秋作洋桔梗生育 及土壤性質之影響-----------------------------------------------35
伍、結論-----------------------------------------------------------------------56
陸、參考文獻-----------------------------------------------------------------58
表次
頁次
表一、試驗一處理---------------------------------------------------------21
表二、試驗一施肥的濃度和次數---------------------------------------22
表三、試驗一植前土壤性質---------------------------------------------24
表四、有機質肥料含量---------------------------------------------------24
表五、試驗二處理---------------------------------------------------------27
表六、試驗二施肥的濃度和次數---------------------------------------28
表七、試驗二植前土壤性質---------------------------------------------29
表八、處理效應對洋桔梗性狀及植體含量變化之影響------------42
表九、有機質肥料對土壤養分和植體含量變化之影響------------43表十、氮肥比率與石灰施用對土壤養分和植體含量變化 之影響---------------------------------------------------------------43表十一、不同處理對土壤養分和植體含量變化之影---------------44表十二、有機質肥料在不同時期對洋桔梗株高之影響------------45表十三、氮肥和石灰在不同時其對洋桔梗株高之影響------------45表十四、有機質肥料對洋桔梗株高之影響---------------------------46表十五、氮肥比率和石灰效應對洋桔梗性狀之影響---------------46表十六、種植密度對土壤養分變化之效應---------------------------47表十七、氮肥比率對土壤養分變化之效應---------------------------47表十八、不同處理對土壤養分變化之效應---------------------------48表十九、種植密度對洋桔梗性狀之影響------------------------------49表二十、氮肥比率對洋桔梗性狀之影響------------------------------49表二十一、不同處理效應對洋桔梗性狀及植體含量變化 影響--------------------------------------------------------------50
表二十二、種植密度在不同時期對洋桔梗株高之影響-------------51表二十三、氮肥比率在不同時期對洋桔梗株高之影響-------------51表二十四、處理在不同時期對洋桔梗株高之影響-------------------52
圖次
圖一、有機質肥料對洋桔梗株高之影響-------------------------------38
圖二、石灰及氮肥比率效應對株高生長之影響----------------------39
圖三、種植密度效應對株高生長之影響-------------------------------40
圖四、氮肥比率對株高之影響-------------------------------------------41
附表次
附表一、肥料處理對不同時期株高之影響----------------------------53附表二、有機質肥料、石灰及氮肥比率,對洋桔梗生長 及花性狀變化情形統計分析----------------------------------54附表三、有機質肥料石灰及氮肥比率對土壤養分和植體 含量變化情形之統計分析--------------------------------------54附表四、種植密度以及氮肥比率對土壤養分和植體含量 N、P、K變化情形之統計分析-----------------------------55附表五、種植密度以及氮肥比率效應對洋桔梗生長及 花性狀變化情形之統計分析----------------------------------55

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