臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來風力發電採用永磁發電機越趨普及，永磁式同步發電機需全額定轉換器。由於轉換器的額定功率越來越大，風力發電機大部份時間卻操作在低風速下，並聯多組整流器取代單一整流器可以選用較低電流應力的開關元件並提升低風速時的轉換效率。然而其缺點是整流器並聯時會產生循環電流(環流)導致電流失真。針對抑制循環電流部份本文推導出發電機、零相序阻抗及並聯三相脈寬調變整流器之數學模型，並設計出適當的電流控制器以抑制循環電流。另外，本論文亦採用新型適應性追蹤演算法與電流分配策略，相較於傳統擾動觀察法，其動作分析較為簡單且可由電氣回授信號判斷風速變動。最後應用在風電轉換器中，並以風渦輪機模擬器驗證環流抑制及最大功率追蹤演算法之效果。

In recent years, permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG) has been widely used in the wind power generation. A PMSG needs full-rated power converter to convert wind energy into electrical energy. Due to the increasing trend of power rating on the power converter; the power converter, however, usually operates at low wind speed. Paralleling PWM rectifiers to replace a full-rated power converter can reduce current stress of the converter and improve converter’s efficiency at low wind speed. However, paralleling PWM rectifiers may cause circulating current and distort the current waveform. In order to suppress circulating current, this thesis derives three phase rectifier model which includes generator, zero sequence impedance, and design a current controller accordingly. In addition, this research adopts a novel adaptive maximum power point tracking algorithm with current distribution strategy for the paralleling PWM rectifier. In contrast to traditional perturb and observe method, novel adaptive MPPT algorithm can be easily analyzed and determine wind change by feedback signal. The effectiveness of the circulating current suppression and maximum power tracking efficiency are verified by a wind turbine emulator.

摘要 I
Extended Abstract II
誌謝 XVIII
目錄 XIX
表目錄 XXIII
圖目錄 XXIV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 內容與貢獻 3
1.3 本文大綱 5
第二章 並聯型風電轉換器 7
2.1 前言 7
2.2 qd0坐標軸轉換 9
2.3 三相脈寬調變轉換器 12
2.3.1 開關切換狀態 12
2.3.2 空間向量脈寬調變 14
2.4 發電機與並聯三相脈寬調變整流器模型 20
2.4.1 永磁式同步發電機模型 20
2.4.2 並聯三相脈寬調變整流器模型 24
2.5 無機械式感測器之相位角偵測 31
第三章 零相序控制器於環流抑制之成效 33
3.1 環流定義與形成原因 33
3.1.1 環流定義 33
3.1.2 環流形成原因 34
3.2 環流抑制方式 36
3.3 環流之模擬與分析 40
3.4 本文採用之環流抑制方式 47
第四章 並聯型風電轉換器之最大功率追蹤演算法 49
4.1 風渦輪機特性[21] 49
4.2 適應性最大功率演算法 52
4.2.1 最大功率演算法簡介 52
4.2.2 新型適應性最大功率演算法 53
4.2.2.1 峰值偵測模式 57
4.2.2.2 適應性追蹤模式 60
4.2.2.3 定轉矩模式 61
4.3 並聯型風電轉換器電流命令分配策略 62
第五章 硬體電路製作與軟體規劃 65
5.1 前言 65
5.2 硬體電路 66
5.2.1 永磁式同步發電機 66
5.2.2 並聯三相脈寬調變整流器 67
5.2.3 電壓與電流信號偵測電路 67
5.2.4 數位訊號控制器與周邊電路 70
5.3 軟體控制規劃 72
第六章 實體電路測試與討論 78
6.1 前言 78
6.2 並聯整流器抑制環流效應測試 78
6.2.1 1.5kW發電機低轉速下實驗波形 78
6.2.2 1.5kW發電機高轉速下實驗波形 86
6.2.3 10kW發電機測試結果 90
6.2.4 實驗結果討論 97
6.3 雙台三相整流器搭配最大功率追蹤測試 98
6.3.1 定風速實測結果 99
6.3.2 變風速實測結果 105
第七章 結論與未來研究方向 110
7.1 結論 110
7.2 未來研究方向 111
參考文獻 112

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