臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在現今市場交易中，可發現愈來愈多的供應商會提供一付款寬限期給買家，即買家在購買商品後可以不必立刻付錢，於期限到時再付款。此種提供買家延遲付款期限的策略不論是對供應商或買家而言，皆有一定的好處。對供應商而言，提供買家一延遲付款期限可以較容易吸引買家購買其商品而增加利潤；對買家而言，雖然超過付款期限時需承擔利息支出的費用，但是買家亦可在期限內藉由賣出或使用商品時享有不需付出利息的好處。在延遲付款期限愈大時，買家賺取利息的比率愈大。
在相關延遲付款期限下的存貨模式中，皆是以補貨率為無限的補貨政策來發展。但在實際現況中，補貨率為無限的情況幾乎是不可能發生的。因此本文在考量實際情況下，針對在有限的補貨率並考慮商品實質損耗以及允許缺貨的條件下，探討延遲付款期限對整體存貨系統的影響。此外由於存貨成本模式結構會受到通貨膨脹及金錢時間價值的影響。因此本文在所給定的通貨膨脹率以及折現率下也將通貨膨脹及時間價值因素納入本文模式來考慮。
本文藉由最佳存貨週期以及訂購批量的求取來達到總成本最小化的目的。由於所推導模式具有高階的指數函數項，所以無法以傳統數學方法來求得最佳解。因此利用程式語言程式的撰寫藉由數值代入來搜尋問題的最佳解以及相關數據。並以數值驗證來論證本文所推導的模式。

In today''s business transactions, it is a very common practice to allow customers some grace period before they settle the account with the supplier. This practice is beneficial both to the customers and the suppliers. From the supplier''s standpoint, the permissible delay in payments attracts customers to buy their goods. From the customer''s standpoint, if payment is deferred until the last day of grace period, it lightens the buying burden of the customers. If the customer can start to accumulate revenues on the sale or use of the product within the grace period, he can do business without capital.
Although researches dealing with the inventory problems under permissible delay in payment have been developed in many papers, most of the models have replenishment policies in which the replenishment rate is infinite. However in real-life, the replenishment rate is seldom infinite. In order to be more realistic and practical, this study develops an inventory model for deteriorating items with finite replenishment rate and shortage under permissible delay in payment. In addition this study also investigate the effect of inflation and the time value of money under different discount rates.
The objective of the study is to minimize the total cost by deriving the optimal ordering quantity and cycle time under permissible delay in payment. Since both of the derived models involve a higher-order exponential function, it is not easy to solve the problem directly by mathematical procedure. A computer-based exhaustive search algorithm is used to obtain the optimal ordering quantity and cycle time. Numerical examples are given to validate the derived models.

第一章 緒論 ……………………………………………………………1
1.1研究背景與動機 ………………………………………………1
1.2研究目的與範圍 ………………………………………………2
1.3研究方法與步驟 ………………………………………………3
1.4本文章節概要 …………………………………………………4
第二章 文獻探討 ………………………………………………………7
2.1傳統存貨之基本觀念與存貨模式分類………………………..7
2.2損耗性存貨之特性與種類及相關模式………………………..9
2.3考慮時間價值與通貨膨脹因素之探討……………………….11
2.4考慮延遲付款期限因素之探討……………………………….12
第三章 延遲付款期限下有限補貨率之損耗性存貨模式.…………...14
3.1模式基本假設與符號說明……………………………………..15
3.2存貨水準之推導 .……………………………………………....17
3.3各項存貨成本之推導…………………………………………..19
3.4最佳解求法……………………………………………………..26
3.5數值驗證………………………………………………………..28
3.6敏感度分析 …………………………………………………….35
3.7本章結論 …………………………………………………….....50
第四章 在延遲付款期限下考慮通貨膨脹及時間價值因素之損耗性存
貨模式……………………………………………………………..51
4.1模式基本假設與符號說明……………………………………...51
4.2數理模式之推導 .……………………………………………….52
4.3數值驗證 .……………………………………………………….60
4.4敏感度分析 .…………………………………………………….68
4.5本章結論 ………………………………………………………..87
第五章 總結與未來研究方向 ………………………………………...88
5.1綜合結論…….…………………………………………………..88
5.2未來研究方向 ..………………………………………………....89
參考文獻 …..…………………………………………………………..91

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