臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著多媒體個人電腦硬體週邊設備的蓬勃發展，多媒體在個人電腦上的應用也隨之熱絡起來，再加上網際網路的無遠弗屆，利用網際網路進行電子商務及網路教學的應用亦逐漸受到大家的重視。目前，在市面上有許多單機版的多媒體教學軟體，雖然都可讓使用者達到一定程度的學習效果，但是在這種單機的學習環境下，無法和使用者達到良好的互動學習效果，而且使用者無法和其他的使用者互相討論、心得交換，更遑論能達到所謂的遠距教學。雖然學術界及商業界在遠距教學或虛擬大學的研究已經有相當的成果，但大都缺乏一套完整、完善的整合性工具；且較少有學者針對遠距學習與傳統教室學習的不同，就心理的角度及其輔助工具的研發做一系統性的探討。因此本實驗室發展了一套寬頻網路多媒體虛擬大學系統（The Development of a Virtual University Environment on Broadband Networks）。而本篇論文則是此系統中有關遠距教學環境中群組討論及語音群播之子系統。在本篇論文中將發展一些支援虛擬大學環境的線上討論工具，不管虛擬教室在即時教學的實用性，虛擬大學中的老師仍然需要有所謂的註辦公室時間，允許學生發問，一些線上的通訊工具如討論室工具、共同白板與audio通訊工具是必要的。首先，我們將研究 “awareness（存在意識）”在遠距教學中的現象，我們相信，互動的程度相當於動態媒體在存在意識中強度的比例，於是，我們所發展出的討論工具使用了audio、文字與圖形這些即時的通訊介質。這些介質的同步與群播是需要的，我們將使用最先進的技術在RSVP，RTP和群播來保證我們討論工具的服務品質（QOS），這些工具採用一個層級控制模式，而這層級控制模式包括了四種控制，分別是自由發言（free access）、發言權控制（equal control）、群組討論（group discussion）和二人間對談（direct contact），這些控制的機制在虛擬大學環境中的使用是足夠的。

This paper will develop a set of integrated tools to support the on-line discussion of a virtual university environment. In spite of the realization of virtual classroom being used in real-time teaching, the instructors of a virtual university still need to hold office hours which allows students to ask questions. On-line communication tools such as chat room tool, white board tool, and audio communication tool are essentially required. We will firstly study the "awareness" phenomenon in distance learning. We believe that, the degree of interaction as well as the use of dynamic media are proportional to the intensity of awareness. Therefore, the set of discussion tools we will develop uses audio, text, and graphics as real-time communication materials. Synchronization and multicasting of these materials are required. We will use state-of-the-art technologies in RSVP, RTP, and multicasting to guarantee the quality of service of our discussion tools. These tools follow a floor control mode, which provides four types of controls (free access, equal control, group discussion, and direct contact). These control mechanisms are sufficient to the use of virtual university environment. This project work in conjunction with the virtual class room tool proposed in another project. The instructor is given a freedom to choose computer screen output or the scene of a virtual classroom.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 系統簡介 3
1.3 論文組織 9
第二章 相關研究工作 11
第三章 遠距教學環境的探討 16
3.1 網路與人性的探討 16
3.2 遠距學習與傳統教室學習的探討 17
3.3 遠距教學輔助工具 19
第四章 網路架構 27
第五章 群組討論系統 37
5.1 傳統遠距教學系統架構 37
5.2 群組討論系統架構 42
5.2.1 Chat Room 49
5.2.2 White Board 56
5.2.3 註解工具 59
第六章 系統測試 62
6.1 Chat Room 62
6.2 White Board 72
6.3 遠距教學輔助工具 72
第七章 結論與未來展望 76
7.1 結論與貢獻 76
7.2 未來展望與期許 77
參考文獻 80

[1] Jianhua Ma, Runhe Huang, Eiju Tsuboi and Ryo Hayasaka, ”A Multimedia Collaborative Environment for Distant Education,” in proceeding of the Fifth International Workshop on Distributed Multimedia Systems, July 23-25,1998, pp 175-182.
[2] Tom Miller, “MBone Virtual Classroom for Engineering Distance Education,” http://www3.ncsu.edu/dox/MBone/
[3] S. K. Chang, E. Hassanein and C. Y. Hsieh, “A Multimedia Micro-University”, IEEE Multimedia Magazine, Vol. 5, No. 3, July-September 1998, 60-68.
[4] Woolf, B.P. and Hall, W. “Multimedia pedagogues: interactive systems for teaching and learning:, in Computer, Vol. 28, Iss. 5, 1995, pp 74-80.
[5] Beyerlein, S., Ford, M., and Apple, D. “Using a learning process model to enhance learning with technology”, in proceeding Frontiers in Education. 23rd Annual Conference. Engineering Education: Renewing America’s Technology, 1993, pp456-460.
[6] Atsuo Yoshitaka, Setsuko Kishida, Masahito Hirakawa, and Tadao Ichikawa, “Knowledge-Assisted Content-Based Retrieval for Multimedia Database,” IEEE Multimedia Magazine, Winter 1994, pp 12-21.
[7] R. Staehli, J. Walpole, and D. Maier. “A quality-of service specification for multimedia presentations”. Multimedia Systems, Springer-Verlag, 3, 1995, pp 251-263.
[8] E. Kashy, M. Thoennessen, Y. Tsai, N. E. Davis, and S. L. Wolfe, “Using Networked Tools to Enhance Student Success Rates in Large Classes”, 1997 Frontiers in Education Conference, Paper Number: 1046.
[9] Hewitt, Kathy L., “Desktop Videoconferencing: A Low Cost and Scalable Solution to DistanceEducation.”,1997, http://www2.ncsu.edu/eos/service/ece/project/succeed_info/klhewitt/thesis/
[10] http://www.hyperionics.com/www/hypercam.htm
[11] http://www.support.lotus.com/css.nsf/Links/sc21
[12] [Pullen96] Pullen, J., "Synchronous Distance Education Via the Internet," Proceedings of Frontiers in Education ''96, IEEE, Salt Lake City, Utah, November 1996.
[13] A. Karmouch, J. A. Rody, "A Remote Presentation Agent for Multimedia Database," The IEEE 1995 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, IEEE, Washington D.C., 1995, pp.223 — 230.
[14] Chao T. Fang-Tsou, Chin-Hwa Juo, Huan-Chao Keh, Kuan-Shen An, Timothy K. Shih, "An Object-Oriented Database for Intelligent Multimedia Presentations," The 1996 IEEE International Conference on Systems, IEEE, 1996, pp.14 - 17.
[15] [Kozma91] Kozma, R., "Learning With Media," Review of Educational Research, summer 1991.
[16] [MaBr94] Macedonia, M. and D. Brutzman, "Mbone Provides Audio and Video Across the Internet," IEEE Computer, April 1994.
[17] [PuNo98] Pullen, J. and E. Norris, "Using A Multi-User Virtual Environment As A Synchronous Teaching Tool," Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Multi-Conference, Society for Computer Simulation, San Diego, California, January 1998.
[18] D. Reininger, G. Michelitsch, G. Welling, M. Ott, "An architecture for adaptive QoS and its application to multimedia systems design," computer communication, pp.334 - 349. 1997.
[19] [RFC1633] Braden, R., D. Clark, and S. Shenker, "Internet Integrated Services," Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 1633, June 1994.
[20] [RFC1521] Borenstein, N. and N. Fried, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions," Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 1521, September 1993.
[21] [SpPu97] Sprague, D. and J. Pullen, "Integrating the Internet and Curriculum: A Web-Based Course for Teachers," National Educational Computing Conference, Seattle, Washington, July 1997.
[22] Arif Ghafoor, Thomas D. C. Little, "Synchronization and Storage Models for Multimedia Objects," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol.8, No.3, pp.413 - 0. 1990.
[23] Ramnath Chellappa, Anitesh Barua, and Andrew B. Whinston, "An Electronic Infrastructure for a Virtual University," Communications of the ACM, September 1997 / Vol. 40 No.9
[24] Chiradeep Vittal, Duane Szafron, Ghada El-Medani, M. Tamer Ozsu, "An object-oriented multimedia database system for a news-on-demand application," Multimedia Systems, Vol.3, pp.182 - 203. 1995,
[25] Larry Leifer, "The Stanford University Learning Laboratory: A Prospectus," NIME''97, Chiba, JP, 12 November 1997
[26] K. Okawa, Y. Ijuin, K.Ishibashi, N.Shigechika, J,Murai, "Virtual University - New Higher Education System on the Internet," Internet Workshop, IEICE, October 1997.
[27] Noriko Yokokawa, "A Design and Implantation of Anonymous Electric Polling System," 1995.
[28] [17] Virtual University Research Group, "Report of the Online Course Survey," KEIO SFC Report 1997.
[29] [18] Yuri Ijuin, "Internet Student Course Survey System," graduation thesis, KEIO Univ. SFC, February 1997.
[30] Ken Sakaguchi, "Assignment System to Support Collaborative Learning," graduation thesis, KEIO Univ. SFC. February 1997.
[31] Queau, Phillippe. Le Virtuel. Editions Champ Vallon et INA. Paris, 1993. This book contains an extensive discussion of the concept of virtualization in different contexts of human life.
[32] 王國榮, “Active Server Pages & Web 資料庫,” 旗標出版股份有限公司,1998.
[33] 許建志, “Visual InterDev開發Windows DNA應用程式,” 旗標出版股份有限公司,1998.