臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

流體潤滑軸承在旋轉機械領域的使用非常廣泛，但流體潤滑液會造成軸承在旋轉機構中，產生不穩定因素如油漩、油顫等等，造成軸承碰撞摩擦，使機械組件損壞。有鑒於此，本研究針對旋轉機械流體油膜產生流體不穩定現象提出以鐵磁流體取代傳統潤滑流體並外加磁場以改變提昇油膜不穩定之發生頻率以避免旋轉機械操作於共振區。
在本論文中，成功建立一組流體動壓軸承轉子測試平台，並以鐵磁流體作為軸承潤滑液，且在軸承外部外加上不同型式之磁場，藉由分析不同磁路方向，對油軸承油漩、油顫等實驗之影響。由油軸承之全頻譜串聯圖中觀察軸承發生油漩之穩定門檻轉速中可知，因為磁場可改變磁流體之黏滯係數，提高軸承潤滑液剛度提升可以改變流體引發的油漩或油顫不穩定發生之頻率。實驗結果顯示，磁場設計為八極閉迴路環型磁場所獲得之效果為最優，可有效提升本測試平台之旋轉油軸承的油漩或油顫不穩定門檻發生之轉速由原始之3024轉提高到4480轉赫茲。

Nowadays, the fluid fluid-lubricated bearings applying in the rotating machines are very widespread. However, these rotor interaction systems need to consider the instability phenomena induced by the lubricated fluid, such as the fluid whirl and fluid whip. The fluid-induced self-excited vibrations of rotor will make the journal rubbing or striking to bearing and may demand the machine parts. By these lights, the research proposed a solution to chance and promote the frequencies of fluid-induced self-excited vibrations by a ferrofluid and an additional magnetic field to avoid the rotating machine operating in the resonance frequencies.
In this research, we have established a fluid-dynamic bearing rotor test platform. The system uses the ferrofluid to replace traditional bearing lubricant fluid and provide different types of magnetic fields by the permanent magnets in the outside of bearing to change the lubricated viscously of ferrofluid. From the analyzing results of the different magnetic directions and the corresponding experimental results in the oil bearing system showed that the resonance frequencies of fluid whirl and fluid whip of the oil bearing system had been changed. The experimental results also showed that the magnetic field built by eight has the best performance in these proposed magnetic fields. It can promote the he instability threshold speed of the test system from 3024 RPM to 4480 RPM.

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3 研究重要性 3
1.4文獻回顧 3
1.5論文架構 5
第二章 流體動壓軸承系統原理 7
2.1動壓軸承簡介 7
2.2動壓軸承之基本方程 9
2.3軸承潤滑液之雷諾方程式 12
2.3-1 一維雷諾方程式 12
2.3-2流體流動連續方程式 13
2.3-3 三維雷諾方程式 14
2.3-4 非牛頓流體雷諾方程式 16
2.4軸承潤滑液之轉子不穩定 17
2.4-1 轉子不穩定介紹 17
2.4-2油漩和油顫 17
2.4-3 半頻率 19
2.4-4軸承油漩門檻 19
第三章 磁流體分析 23
3.1磁流體 23
3.2磁流體之黏滯係數 24
3.2-1 磁力矩 L 24
3.2-2黏性力矩Lτ 24
3.2-3磁力矩Lm 25
3.2-4 等速渦漩下磁流體之磁化強度 26
3.2-5 磁流體在磁場下之黏滯係數ηH 30
3.3磁流體之運動方程式 31
3.4磁流體的磁化方程 34
3.5軸承內磁流體潤滑液 36
第四章 實驗平台與磁場分析 38
4.1實驗平台架構 38
4.1-1 Bently-Nevada ADRE 108 Data Acquisition Instrument 39
4.1-2 FW-BELL 5180高斯計 39
4.1-3 油軸承 41
4.2永久磁鐵 43
4.3 分析軟體 44
4.4 磁路走向分析結果 44
第五章 實驗數據與結論 50
5.1未加磁場軸承之觀察 50
5.2 實驗結果-磁場對磁流體軸承之影響 52
5-3結論 60
第六章 未來研究方向 62
未來研究方向 62
參考文獻 63
圖目錄
圖2.1 動壓軸承作動模式(a)靜止模式(b)作動模式 9
圖2.2 頸軸承形態 9
圖2.3 流體動壓軸承壓力分布示意圖 11
圖2.4 軸承漸縮油楔的速度與壓力分佈 12
圖2.5 液柱的流動連續性 13
圖2.6元件力的平衡 14
圖2.7 註解: 18
圖2.8 半頻率狀態 19
圖2.9 此為單邊剛性潤滑軸承支撐轉子模型 21
圖3.1 圓柱形內磁模型(a) 靜止磁流體微型圓柱(b)具有渦漩運動磁流體微型圓柱 26
圖3.2 磁流體潤滑液 36
圖4.1 實驗之設計圖 38
圖4.2 ADRE 108 Data Acquisition Instrument 39
圖4.3 FW-BELL 5180高斯計 40
圖4.4 油軸承之工程圖 41
圖4.5油軸承實際圖 42
圖4.6 實際設計圖 42
圖4.7實驗之磁鐵實際圖 43
圖4.8 軸承內設定分析角度之位置 47
圖5.1未加入磁場時油軸承之全頻串聯圖 51
圖5.2未加入磁場前之油軸承頻譜圖(Spectrum Plots) 51
圖5.3 磁鐵位置編號 52
圖5.4 三顆磁鐵油軸承全頻串聯圖(Full Spectrum Cascade Plots) 53
圖5.6 六顆磁鐵油軸承全頻串聯圖(Full Spectrum Cascade Plots) 55
圖5.7 六顆磁鐵油軸承全頻串聯圖(Full Spectrum Cascade Plots) 56
圖5.8 六顆磁鐵之油軸承頻率分析圖(Spectrum Plots) 57
圖5.9七顆磁鐵油軸承全頻串聯圖(Full Spectrum Cascade Plots) 57
圖5.10八顆磁鐵油軸承全頻串聯圖(Full Spectrum Cascade Plots) 58


表目錄
表3-1 油基磁流體性質 36
表4.1 此為精密高斯計規格表 41
表4.2 磁力分析圖表 47
表4.3 內軸承磁力大小值 49
表5-1 各不同位置磁極影響由軸承之數值 60

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