臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

四球式潤滑油抗磨耗實驗是以光學顯微鏡量測四顆SUJ2球磨耗點的直徑，並搭配扭力計量測摩擦係數；線性往復式磨耗實驗的實驗材料分為SUJ2試球對S45C平板與SUS304試球對TiCN平板。前者以白光干涉儀截取S45C試件表面刮痕點數據以計算磨耗截面積；後者則以電子天平量測SUS304試球的重量損失。

根據實驗結果顯示，在四球式磨耗實驗中，全部球體浸潤於油中做單一方向滑動，易沖走磨屑，磨耗直徑在顯微鏡下清晰可見，且擁有三顆試球作磨痕直徑的平均值，測試結果穩定。摩擦力部分則為液體黏滯與固體接觸點黏著剪應力的總和，最大摩擦力發生於中度黏性的油品；線性往復式SUJ2試球對S45C試件實驗的摩擦係數呈現單調變化，相較於其他實驗方法摩擦係數範圍較為狹窄，因為此區域屬耕犁機制的範疇，所以固體間剪應力的影響遠小於塑性變形的阻力，導致摩擦係數相差無幾。磨耗部分其耕犁刮痕截面積的計算，往往會受到下列因素干擾：選取不適當的基準線、移動平台速度變動所導致的痕跡寬度變異以及碎屑往復被碾壓充填於刮痕，從而反映出錯誤的磨耗特性；線性往復式SUS304試球對TiCN試件實驗的摩擦係數亦單調變化，但變化較明顯。磨耗則屬於黏著磨耗，被磨耗重量的數值變化穩定，其摩擦力與磨耗量兩者趨勢一致。

In the four-ball test, an optical microscopy is used to gauge the diameters of the wear spots on the three SUJ2 balls, and the friction coefficient is determined by the torque measurement; as for the linear reciprocal tests, two groups of materials are adopted: SUJ2 ball vs. S45C plate and SUS304 ball vs TiCN coating. In the former test, the degree of wear is evaluated by the sectional area of the scratched profile, detected by the white-light interference meter; while for the later, the ability of the level of wear is represented by the weight loss of the SUS304 ball, measured by a precision electronic scale.

The experimental results imply: the wear diameter in the four-ball test is clear due to the fact that the debris can be easily washed away since all balls are immersed in the lubricant and the upper ball keeps rotating in the same direction. Averaging three spot diameters on three balls for each test yields very stable test results. The friction is the summation of the shear stress from liquid viscosity and the adhesion on the solid contacting points. The case of medium viscosity oil produces the highest friction. As for the reciprocal test of SUJ2/S45C, the friction coefficient varies monotonically in a relatively narrow range, since in this case the sliding resistance from the adhesion on the solid/solid interface is much less than that from the plastic deformation of plowing. Calculating the area of the plowed section is generally affected by the following factors: the inadequate choice of the base line of calculation, the variations of the scratch profile owning to the inconstant moving speed of the plate, and the refilling and smashing of the loose wear particles. All these may reveal a wrong image of the material anti-wear ability. On the other hand, the friction coefficient of the SUS304/TiCN test shows a monotonic while wider distribution. The wear type is purely adhesive, which can generate stable weight losses having a good correlation with friction.

摘要...........................................................................I
ABSTRACT..................................................................... II
誌謝........................................................................ III
目錄......................................................................... IV
圖目錄........................................................................ VI
表目錄.........................................................................IX
符號說明....................................................................... X
第一章 緒論.....................................................................1
1.1前言........................................................................1
1.2 相關文獻回顧.................................................................1
1.2.1國家規範文獻................................................................1
1.2.2期刊文獻...................................................................3
1.3研究動機與方法................................................................4
1.4 論文架構....................................................................4
第二章 磨潤學基本原理.............................................................5
2.1 潤滑原理....................................................................5
2.2 磨耗的型式與種類..............................................................7
2.3.3黏著磨耗 (adhesive wear)...................................................7
2.3.3非黏著磨耗 (non-adhesive wear).............................................8
2.3.3複合磨耗 (composite wear).................................................12
2.3 摩擦磨耗與潤滑試驗機型式與種類.................................................13
第三章 四球式磨耗試驗機的設計與實驗架構..............................................19
3.1 四球式磨耗試驗機介紹.........................................................19
3.1.1 四球式磨耗試驗機摩擦原理介紹.................................................21
3.1.2 四球式磨耗試驗機整體架構....................................................23
3.2 四球式磨耗試驗機之油杯組件的設計與架構...........................................23
3.2.1 油杯夾治具組件............................................................23
3.2.2溫度控制及量測系統..........................................................25
3.3 機電整合系統的設計與架構......................................................27
3.3.1 感測器訊號擷取系統.........................................................27
3.3.2 伺服馬達驅動系統...........................................................32
3.3.3 氣壓動力統...............................................................36
3.3.4 LabVIEW圖控程式架構.......................................................39
3.4 實驗材料與規劃..............................................................40
3.4.1鋼珠試件之選用.............................................................40
3.4.2潤滑油脂之選用.............................................................41
3.4.3實驗參數設定...............................................................42
3.5 實驗步驟...................................................................42
第四章 線性往複式磨耗實驗的設計與實驗架構.......................................... .44
4.1 線性往復式磨耗實驗方法概要介紹.................................................44
4.2 實驗儀器設備介紹.............................................................45
4.2.1奈米磨耗試驗機.............................................................45
4.2.2高解析白光干涉儀............................................................46
4.2.3精密電子天平...............................................................47
4.3 線性往復式磨耗實驗之油槽夾治具設計與架構.........................................48
4.5.1 SUJ2試球對S45C平板磨耗型...................................................48
4.5.2 SUS304試球對TiCN平板磨耗型.................................................49
4.4 實驗材料與規劃..............................................................50
4.4.1赫茲接觸理論及試件材料之選用..................................................50
4.4.2潤滑油脂之選用.............................................................53
4.4.3實驗參數設定...............................................................53
4.5 實驗步驟...................................................................54
4.5.1 SUJ2試球對S45C平板磨耗型...................................................54
4.5.2 SUS304試球對TiCN平板磨耗型.................................................55
第五章 實驗結果.................................................................57
5.1四球式潤滑油抗磨耗性能實驗.....................................................57
5.2 線性往複式潤滑油抗磨耗性能實驗.................................................61
5.2.1鉻鋼珠對S45C平板磨耗型......................................................61
5.2.1不鏽鋼鋼珠對TiCN平板磨耗型...................................................63
5.3四球式與往復式磨耗實驗兩者結果之探討比較..........................................65
第六章 結論與建議................................................................68
6.1結論.......................................................................68
6.2建議與未來展望...............................................................68
參考文獻.......................................................................69
附錄..........................................................................70

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